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The combination of Large Language Models (LLMs), systematic evaluation, and evolutionary algorithms has enabled breakthroughs in combinatorial optimization and scientific discovery. We propose to extend this powerful combination to the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-12 Carlo Bosio , Mark W. Mueller

Designing effective control policies for autonomous systems remains a fundamental challenge, traditionally addressed through reinforcement learning or manual engineering. While reinforcement learning has achieved remarkable success, it…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Ping Guo , Chao Li , Yinglan Feng , Chaoning Zhang

Discovering efficient algorithms for solving complex problems has been an outstanding challenge in mathematics and computer science, requiring substantial human expertise over the years. Recent advancements in evolutionary search with large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Anja Surina , Amin Mansouri , Lars Quaedvlieg , Amal Seddas , Maryna Viazovska , Emmanuel Abbe , Caglar Gulcehre

The ability to autonomously explore and resolve tasks with minimal human guidance is crucial for the self-development of embodied intelligence. Although reinforcement learning methods can largely ease human effort, it's challenging to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2024-12-19 Changxin Huang , Yanbin Chang , Junfan Lin , Junyang Liang , Runhao Zeng , Jianqiang Li

Reinforcement Learning (RL) traditionally relies on scalar reward signals, limiting its ability to leverage the rich semantic knowledge often available in real-world tasks. In contrast, humans learn efficiently by combining numerical…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have unveiled remarkable capabilities in understanding and generating both natural language and code, but LLM reasoning is prone to hallucination and struggle with complex, novel scenarios, often getting stuck…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Antonio Jimeno Yepes , Pieter Barnard

A policy in deep reinforcement learning (RL), either deterministic or stochastic, is commonly parameterized as a Gaussian distribution alone, limiting the learned behavior to be unimodal. However, the nature of many practical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-20 SM Mazharul Islam , Manfred Huber

Evolutionary algorithms excel in solving complex optimization problems, especially those with multiple objectives. However, their stochastic nature can sometimes hinder rapid convergence to the global optima, particularly in scenarios…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-05-10 Zeyi Wang , Songbai Liu , Jianyong Chen , Kay Chen Tan

We address the problem of fine-tuning pre-trained generative policies with reinforcement learning (RL) while preserving the multimodality of their action distributions. Existing methods for RL fine-tuning of generative policies (e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Alberta Longhini , David Emukpere , Jean-Michel Renders , Seungsu Kim

The combination of policy search and deep neural networks holds the promise of automating a variety of decision-making tasks. Model Predictive Control (MPC) provides robust solutions to robot control tasks by making use of a dynamical model…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-11 Yunlong Song , Davide Scaramuzza

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) for downstream tasks is an essential stage of modern AI deployment. Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as the dominant fine-tuning paradigm, underpinning many state-of-the-art LLMs. In contrast,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Xin Qiu , Yulu Gan , Conor F. Hayes , Qiyao Liang , Yinggan Xu , Roberto Dailey , Elliot Meyerson , Babak Hodjat , Risto Miikkulainen

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) or multimodal large language models represent a significant advancement in artificial intelligence, enabling systems to understand and generate content across both visual and textual modalities. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Thanh Thi Nguyen , Campbell Wilson , Janis Dalins

Multimodal recommender systems (MRS) integrate heterogeneous user and item data, such as text, images, and structured information, to enhance recommendation performance. The emergence of large language models (LLMs) introduces new…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Alejo Lopez-Avila , Jinhua Du

Policy exploration is critical in reinforcement learning (RL), where existing approaches include greedy, Gaussian process, etc. However, these approaches utilize preset stochastic processes and are indiscriminately applied in all kinds of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Qianyue Hao , Yiwen Song , Qingmin Liao , Jian Yuan , Yong Li

Search has been proposed as an effective method for self-improving language models and agentic systems, both for post-training sample generation and for inference. However, widely used methods such as best-of-N sampling and tree search face…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Guowei Xu , Zhenting Qi , Huangyuan Su , Weirui Ye , Himabindu Lakkaraju , Sham M. Kakade , Yilun Du

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit world knowledge and inference capabilities, making them powerful tools for various applications. This paper proposes a feedback loop mechanism that leverages these capabilities to tune Evolution…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-21 Oliver Kramer

We propose a method that enables large language models (LLMs) to control embodied agents through the generation of control policies that directly map continuous observation vectors to continuous action vectors. At the outset, the LLMs…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Jônata Tyska Carvalho , Stefano Nolfi

The rapid development of multimodal large language models (MLLMs) has brought significant improvements to a wide range of tasks in real-world applications. However, LLMs still exhibit certain limitations in extracting implicit semantic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Hebin Wang , Yangning Li , Yinghui Li , Hai-Tao Zheng , Wenhao Jiang , Hong-Gee Kim

Multi-task policy search is a challenging problem because policies are required to generalize beyond training cases. Curriculum learning has proven to be effective in this setting, as it introduces complexity progressively. However,…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Berfin Sakallioglu , Giorgia Nadizar , Eric Medvet

The transition from static Large Language Models (LLMs) to self-improving agents is hindered by the lack of structured reasoning in traditional evolutionary approaches. Existing methods often struggle with premature convergence and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Chunhui Wan , Xunan Dai , Zhuo Wang , Minglei Li , Yanpeng Wang , Yinan Mao , Yu Lan , Zhiwen Xiao
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