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Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) advance generalization and data efficiency in time series forecasting by unified large-scale pretraining. But TSFMs remain lacking when adapting to specific downstream forecasting tasks for two reasons.…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-04 Siyang Li , Yize Chen , Zijie Zhu , Yuxin Pan , Yan Guo , Ming Huang , Hui Xiong

Flow Matching (FM) has recently emerged as a powerful approach for high-quality visual generation. However, their prohibitively slow inference due to a large number of denoising steps limits their potential use in real-time or interactive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Divya Jyoti Bajpai , Shubham Agarwal , Apoorv Saxena , Kuldeep Kulkarni , Subrata Mitra , Manjesh Kumar Hanawal

Unlike natural language processing and computer vision, the development of Foundation Models (FMs) for time series forecasting is blocked due to data scarcity. While recent efforts are focused on building such FMs by unlocking the potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-10 Qingxiang Liu , Xu Liu , Chenghao Liu , Qingsong Wen , Yuxuan Liang

Process Model Forecasting (PMF) aims to predict how the control-flow structure of a process evolves over time by modeling the temporal dynamics of directly-follows (DF) relations, complementing predictive process monitoring that focuses on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-09 Yongbo Yu , Jari Peeperkorn , Johannes De Smedt , Jochen De Weerdt

We present GFlowState, a visual analytics system designed to illuminate the training process of Generative Flow Networks (GFlowNets or GFNs). GFlowNets are a probabilistic framework for generating samples proportionally to a reward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Florian Holeczek , Andreas Hinterreiter , Alex Hernandez-Garcia , Marc Streit , Christina Humer

Time Series foundation models (TSFMs) deliver strong forecasting performance through large-scale pretraining, but their large parameter sizes make deployment costly. While knowledge distillation offers a natural and effective approach for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yuqi Li , Kuiye Ding , Chuanguang Yang , Szu-Yu Chen , Yingli Tian

Foundation models have achieved remarkable success in natural language processing and computer vision, demonstrating strong capabilities in modeling complex patterns. While recent efforts have explored adapting large language models (LLMs)…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-17 Changlu Chen , Yanbin Liu , Chaoxi Niu , Ling Chen , Tianqing Zhu

Radar-based precipitation nowcasting, the task of forecasting short-term precipitation fields from previous radar images, is a critical problem for flood risk management and decision-making. While deep learning has substantially advanced…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Bernardo Perrone Ribeiro , Jana Faganeli Pucer

Scaling laws motivate the development of Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) that pre-train vast parameters and achieve remarkable zero-shot forecasting performance. Surprisingly, even after fine-tuning, TSFMs cannot consistently…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Lifan Zhao , Yanyan Shen , Zhaoyang Liu , Xue Wang , Jiaji Deng

Multivariate time-series (MTS) forecasting is fundamental to applications ranging from urban mobility and resource management to climate modeling. While recent generative models based on denoising diffusion have advanced state-of-the-art…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-21 Seyed Mohamad Moghadas , Bruno Cornelis , Adrian Munteanu

Time series analysis is crucial for understanding dynamics of complex systems. Recent advances in foundation models have led to task-agnostic Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) and Large Language Model-based Time Series Models (TSLLMs),…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Xu Liu , Taha Aksu , Juncheng Liu , Qingsong Wen , Yuxuan Liang , Caiming Xiong , Silvio Savarese , Doyen Sahoo , Junnan Li , Chenghao Liu

While recent advancements in foundation models have significantly impacted machine learning, rigorous tests on the performance of time series foundation models (TSFMs) remain largely underexplored. This paper presents an empirical study…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-09 Syamantak Datta Gupta

Financial time series forecasting presents significant challenges due to complex nonlinear relationships, temporal dependencies, variable interdependencies and limited data availability, particularly for tasks involving low-frequency data,…

General Finance · Quantitative Finance 2025-07-11 Ben A. Marconi

Diffusion models can learn rich representations during data generation, showing potential for Self-Supervised Learning (SSL), but they face a trade-off between generative quality and discriminative performance. Their iterative sampling also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Kosuke Ukita , Tsuyoshi Okita

Time Series Foundation Models (TSFMs) have recently achieved state-of-the-art performance in univariate forecasting on new time series simply by conditioned on a brief history of past values. Their success demonstrates that large-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Afrin Dange , Sunita Sarawagi

At the heart of time-series forecasting (TSF) lies a fundamental challenge: how can models efficiently and effectively capture long-range temporal dependencies across ever-growing sequences? While deep learning has brought notable progress,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Hongbo Liu , Jia Xu

The zero-shot capabilities of foundation models (FMs) for time series forecasting offer promising potentials in conformal prediction, as most of the available data can be allocated to calibration. This study compares the performance of Time…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Sami Achour , Yassine Bouher , Duong Nguyen , Nicolas Chesneau

Multi-task and few-shot time series forecasting tasks are commonly encountered in scenarios such as the launch of new products in different cities. However, traditional time series forecasting methods suffer from insufficient historical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Pengpeng Ouyang , Dong Chen , Tong Yang , Shuo Feng , Zhao Jin , Mingliang Xu

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) require diverse, real-world datasets to adapt across varying domains and temporal frequencies. However, current large-scale datasets predominantly focus on low-frequency time series with sampling…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Subina Khanal , Seshu Tirupathi , Merim Dzaferagic , Marco Ruffini , Torben Bach Pedersen

Time series foundation models (TSFMs) have recently achieved remarkable success in universal forecasting by leveraging large-scale pretraining on diverse time series data. Complementing this progress, incorporating frequency-domain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Shunyu Wu , Jiawei Huang , Weibin Feng , Boxin Li , Xiao Zhang , Erli Meng , Dan Li , Jian Lou , See-Kiong Ng
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