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Atmospheric turbulence is one of the lead disturbance factors for free-space quantum communication. The quantum states of light in such channels are affected by fluctuating losses characterized by the probability distribution of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-10-02 M. Klen , A. A. Semenov

In recent years quantum information research has lead to the discovery of a number of remarkable new paradigms for information processing and communication. These developments include quantum cryptography schemes that offer unconditionally…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) has the potential to improve communications security by offering cryptographic keys whose security relies on the fundamental properties of quantum physics. The use of a trusted quantum receiver on an orbiting…

Entanglement-based quantum key distribution (QKD) protocols, such as E91 and BBM92, offer strong information-theoretic security and are naturally suited for satellite-to-satellite QKD (SatQKD) links. However, implementing these protocols…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-27 Mohammad Taghi Dabiri , Mazen Hasna , Saif Al-Kuwari , Khalid Qaraqe

Realizing a global quantum internet relies on the deployment of robust satellite-based entanglement distribution links. While pioneering demonstrations have established the feasibility of such links, the transition to operational…

Satellite-based free-space quantum key distribution (QKD) provides a practical framework for achieving secure global communication beyond the limitations of optical fibers. In this work, the quantum bit error rate (QBER) and secure key rate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-04-14 Muskan , Ramniwas Meena , Subhashish Banerjee

Quantum key distribution (QKD) takes advantage of fundamental properties of quantum physics to allow two distant parties to share a secret key; however, QKD is hampered by a distance limitation of a few hundred kilometers on earth. The most…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) uses individual light quanta in quantum superposition states to guarantee unconditional communication security between distant parties. In practice, the achievable distance for QKD has been limited to a few…

Free space quantum communication assumes importance as it is a precursor for satellite-based quantum communication needed for secure key distribution over longer distances. Prepare and measure protocols like BB84 consider the satellite as a…

Establishing secure communication links at a global scale is a major potential application of quantum information science but also extremely challenging for the underlying technology. While milestone experiments using satellite-to-ground…

Quantum communication rates in terrestrial quantum networks are fundamentally limited by fibre loss, even in the presence of quantum repeaters. Satellites offer a solution for long-distance communication, with the most commonly explored…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-10-28 Thomas Jaeken , Alexander Pickston , Faris Redza , Thomas Jennewein , Alessandro Fedrizzi

Satellite-based quantum terminals are a feasible way to extend the reach of quantum communication protocols such as quantum key distribution (QKD) to the global scale. To that end, prior demonstrations have shown QKD transmissions from…

Scattering of light by cloud, haze, and fog decreases the transmission efficiency of communication channels in quantum key distribution (QKD), reduces the system's practical security, and thus constrains the deployment of free-space QKD.…

The statistical fluctuations in free-space links in the turbulent atmosphere are important for the distribution of quantum signals. To that end, we first study statistics generated by the turbulent atmosphere in an entanglement based…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2013-02-01 C. Erven , B. Heim , E. Meyer-Scott , J. P. Bourgoin , R. Laflamme , G. Weihs , T. Jennewein

High-speed free-space quantum key distribution located in urban environment offers an interesting alternative to public key encryption - whose security strength is yet to be mathematically proven. To achieve this, three main objectives need…

Future quantum communication infrastructures will rely on both terrestrial and space-based links integrating high-performance optical systems engineered for this purpose. In space-based downlinks in particular, the loss budget and the…

The free-space transfer of high-fidelity optical signals between remote locations has many applications, including both classical and quantum communication, precision navigation, clock synchronization, etc. The physical processes that…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-07-21 D. Vasylyev , A. A. Semenov , W. Vogel

Experimental deployment of quantum communication over Earth-satellite channels opens the way to a secure global quantum Internet. In this work, we present results from a real-time prototype quantum key distribution (QKD) system, which…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-08-13 Anju Rani , Xiaoyu Ai , Aman Gupta , Ravi Singh Adhikari , Robert Malaney

Quantum key distribution (QKD) provides information-theoretic security and satellite-based quantum key distribution (SatQKD) has demonstrated the potential to extend this communication security to intercontinental scales. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Yaoxuan Yang , Ivi Afxenti , Majid Safari

Quantum key distribution provides a promising solution for sharing secure keys between two distant parties with unconditional security. Nevertheless, quantum key distribution is still severely threatened by the imperfections of devices. In…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-22 Shan-Feng Shao , Xiao-Yu Cao , Yuan-Mei Xie , Jie Gu , Wen-Bo Liu , Yao Fu , Hua-Lei Yin , Zeng-Bing Chen