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It is crucial for large language models (LLMs) to follow instructions that involve multiple constraints. However, it is an unexplored area to enhance LLMs' ability to follow soft constraints. To bridge the gap, we initially design a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Qingyu Ren , Jie Zeng , Qianyu He , Jiaqing Liang , Yanghua Xiao , Weikang Zhou , Zeye Sun , Fei Yu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable proficiency in language comprehension and generation; however, their widespread adoption is constrained by substantial bandwidth and computational demands. While pruning and low-rank…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Zeliang Zong , Kai Zhang , Zheyang Li , Wenming Tan , Ye Ren , Yiyan Zhai , Jilin Hu

Outcome-reward reinforcement learning (RL) is a common and increasingly significant way to refine the step-by-step reasoning of multimodal large language models (MLLMs). In the multiple-choice setting - a dominant format for multimodal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Jiahao Wang , Weiye Xu , Aijun Yang , Wengang Zhou , Lewei Lu , Houqiang Li , Xiaohua Wang , Jinguo Zhu

Large language models (LLMs) can generate syntactically valid optimization programs, yet often struggle to reliably choose an effective modeling strategy, leading to incorrect formulations and inefficient solver behavior. We propose SAGE, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ruiqing Zhao , Fengzhi Li , Yuan Zuo , Rui Liu , Yansong Liu , Yunfei Ma , Fanyu Meng , Junlan Feng

Large Language Models (LLMs) are being used for a wide variety of tasks. While they are capable of generating human-like responses, they can also produce undesirable output including potentially harmful information, racist or sexist…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-06 Jinqi Luo , Tianjiao Ding , Kwan Ho Ryan Chan , Darshan Thaker , Aditya Chattopadhyay , Chris Callison-Burch , René Vidal

Large Language Models (LLMs) have seen great advance in both academia and industry, and their popularity results in numerous open-source frameworks and techniques in accelerating LLM pre-training, fine-tuning, and inference. Training and…

Performance · Computer Science 2023-12-04 Longteng Zhang , Xiang Liu , Zeyu Li , Xinglin Pan , Peijie Dong , Ruibo Fan , Rui Guo , Xin Wang , Qiong Luo , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu

Self-taught reasoners (STaRs) enhance the mathematical reasoning abilities of large language models (LLMs) by leveraging self-generated responses for self-training. Recent studies have incorporated reward models to guide response selection…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Feng Xiong , Hongling Xu , Yifei Wang , Runxi Cheng , Yong Wang , Xiangxiang Chu

Transformer-based pre-trained language models (PLMs) mostly suffer from excessive overhead despite their advanced capacity. For resource-constrained devices, there is an urgent need for a spatially and temporally efficient model which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Bowen Shen , Zheng Lin , Yuanxin Liu , Zhengxiao Liu , Lei Wang , Weiping Wang

Large Language Models (LLMs) hold promise in automating data analysis tasks, yet open-source models face significant limitations in these kinds of reasoning-intensive scenarios. In this work, we investigate strategies to enhance the data…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Yuqi Zhu , Yi Zhong , Jintian Zhang , Ziheng Zhang , Shuofei Qiao , Yujie Luo , Lun Du , Da Zheng , Ningyu Zhang , Huajun Chen

This study proposes a safe and sample-efficient reinforcement learning (RL) framework to address two major challenges in developing applicable RL algorithms: satisfying safety constraints and efficiently learning with limited samples. To…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-28 Hongyi Chen , Changliu Liu

In mental health counseling, condensing dialogues into concise and relevant summaries (aka counseling notes) holds pivotal significance. Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit remarkable capabilities in various generative tasks; however,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Aseem Srivastava , Smriti Joshi , Tanmoy Chakraborty , Md Shad Akhtar

Large-scale high-quality training data is important for improving the performance of models. After trained with data that has rationales (reasoning steps), models gain reasoning capability. However, the dataset with high-quality rationales…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-01 Yunlong Feng , Yang Xu , Libo Qin , Yasheng Wang , Wanxiang Che

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the state-of-the-art of many different natural language processing tasks. Although serving LLMs is computationally and memory demanding, the rise of Small Language Models (SLMs) offers new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Pol G. Recasens , Yue Zhu , Chen Wang , Eun Kyung Lee , Olivier Tardieu , Alaa Youssef , Jordi Torres , Josep Ll. Berral

The rapid evolution of large language models (LLMs) holds promise for reforming the methodology of spatio-temporal data mining. However, current works for evaluating the spatio-temporal understanding capability of LLMs are somewhat limited…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-28 Wenbin Li , Di Yao , Ruibo Zhao , Wenjie Chen , Zijie Xu , Chengxue Luo , Chang Gong , Quanliang Jing , Haining Tan , Jingping Bi

In recent years, large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant potential in complex reasoning tasks like mathematical problem-solving. However, existing research predominantly relies on reinforcement learning (RL) frameworks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 ShaoZhen Liu , Xinting Huang , Houwen Peng , Xin Chen , Xinyang Song , Qi Li , Zhenan Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) that can continually improve beyond their training budgets are able to solve increasingly difficult problems by adapting at test time, a property we refer to as extrapolation. However, standard reinforcement…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Ian Wu , Yuxiao Qu , Amrith Setlur , Aviral Kumar

While Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrate strong performance across domains, their long-context capabilities are limited by transient neural activations causing information decay and unstructured feed-forward network (FFN) weights…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-13 Kangcong Li , Peng Ye , Chongjun Tu , Lin Zhang , Chunfeng Song , Jiamin Wu , Tao Yang , Qihao Zheng , Tao Chen

When adapting ICL with or without fine-tuning, we are curious about whether the instruction-tuned language model is able to achieve well-calibrated results without suffering from the problem of overconfidence (i.e., miscalibration)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Chengzu Li , Han Zhou , Goran Glavaš , Anna Korhonen , Ivan Vulić

Curriculum learning-organizing training data from easy to hard-has improved efficiency across machine learning domains, yet remains underexplored for language model pretraining. We present the first systematic investigation of curriculum…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Yang Zhang , Amr Mohamed , Hadi Abdine , Guokan Shang , Michalis Vazirgiannis

While model serving has unlocked unprecedented capabilities, the high cost of serving large-scale models continues to be a significant barrier to widespread accessibility and rapid innovation. Compiler optimizations have long driven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Annabelle Sujun Tang , Christopher Priebe , Rohan Mahapatra , Lianhui Qin , Hadi Esmaeilzadeh