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Prompt optimization and fine-tuning are two major approaches to improve the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs). They enhance the capabilities of LLMs from complementary perspectives: the former through explicit natural language,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Xiaohe Bo , Rui Li , Zexu Sun , Quanyu Dai , Zeyu Zhang , Zihang Tian , Xu Chen , Zhenhua Dong

We demonstrate LLARS (LLM Assisted Research System), an open-source platform that bridges the gap between domain experts and developers for building LLM-based systems. It integrates three tightly connected modules into an end-to-end…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Philipp Steigerwald , Mara Stieler , Jennifer Burghardt , Eric Rudolph , Jens Albrecht

Prompt engineering is an iterative procedure often requiring extensive manual effort to formulate suitable instructions for effectively directing large language models (LLMs) in specific tasks. Incorporating few-shot examples is a vital and…

Sequential recommender systems have become increasingly important in real-world applications that model user behavior sequences to predict their preferences. However, existing sequential recommendation methods predominantly rely on…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Enze Liu , Bowen Zheng , Xiaolei Wang , Wayne Xin Zhao , Jinpeng Wang , Sheng Chen , Ji-Rong Wen

Effective prompt engineering remains a central challenge in fully harnessing the capabilities of LLMs. While well-designed prompts can dramatically enhance performance, crafting them typically demands expert intuition and a nuanced…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Paweł Batorski , Adrian Kosmala , Paul Swoboda

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) are set to transform how machines process and generate human-like responses by integrating diverse modalities such as text, images, and code. Yet, effectively harnessing their capabilities hinges on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Anwesha Mohanty , Venkatesh Balavadhani Parthasarathy , Arsalan Shahid

Generative, explainable, and flexible recommender systems, derived using Large Language Models (LLM) are promising and poorly adapted to the cold-start user situation, where there is little to no history of interaction. The current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Yushang Zhao , Huijie Shen , Dannier Li , Lu Chang , Chengrui Zhou , Yinuo Yang

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly embedded in applications, and people can shape model behavior by editing prompt instructions. Yet encoding subtle, domain-specific policies into prompts is challenging. Although this process…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Minjae Lee , Minsuk Kahng

With the advent of foundation models, prompt tuning has positioned itself as an important technique for directing model behaviors and eliciting desired responses. Prompt tuning regards selecting appropriate keywords included into the input,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-23 Yunseon Choi , Sangmin Bae , Seonghyun Ban , Minchan Jeong , Chuheng Zhang , Lei Song , Li Zhao , Jiang Bian , Kee-Eung Kim

Prompt Engineering (PE) has emerged as a critical technique for guiding Large Language Models (LLMs) in solving intricate tasks. Its importance is highlighted by its potential to significantly enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-06 Yifan Luo , Yiming Tang , Chengfeng Shen , Zhennan Zhou , Bin Dong

Time series Forecasting with large languagemodels (LLMs) requires bridging numericalpatterns and natural language. Effective fore-casting on LLM often relies on extensive pre-processing and fine-tuning.Recent studiesshow that a frozen LLM…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-28 Gunjan Jalori , Preetika Verma , Sercan Ö Arık

Personalised text generation is essential for user-centric information systems, yet most evaluation methods overlook the individuality of users. We introduce \textbf{PREF}, a \textbf{P}ersonalised \textbf{R}eference-free \textbf{E}valuation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Xiao Fu , Hossein A. Rahmani , Bin Wu , Jerome Ramos , Emine Yilmaz , Aldo Lipani

The fast development of Large Language Models (LLMs) offers growing opportunities to further improve sequential recommendation systems. Yet for some practitioners, integrating LLMs to their existing base recommendation systems raises…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Nanshan Jia , Chenfei Yuan , Yuhang Wu , Zeyu Zheng

Large Language Models (LLMs) have exhibited significant promise in recommender systems by empowering user profiles with their extensive world knowledge and superior reasoning capabilities. However, LLMs face challenges like unstable…

Parameter-efficient (PE) methods (like Prompts or Adapters) for adapting pre-trained language models (PLM) to downstream tasks have been popular recently. However, hindrances still prevent these methods from reaching their full potential.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Shih-Cheng Huang , Shih-Heng Wang , Min-Han Shih , Saurav Sahay , Hung-yi Lee

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly integrated into software applications, giving rise to a broad class of prompt-enabled systems, in which prompts serve as the primary 'programming' interface for guiding system behavior. Building…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Zhenpeng Chen , Chong Wang , Weisong Sun , Xuanzhe Liu , Jie M. Zhang , Yang Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) show promising performance on various programming tasks, including Automatic Program Repair (APR). However, most approaches to LLM-based APR are limited to the static analysis of the programs, while disregarding…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Mirazul Haque , Petr Babkin , Farima Farmahinifarahani , Manuela Veloso

Pre-trained Language Models (PLMs) have achieved remarkable performance for various language understanding tasks in IR systems, which require the fine-tuning process based on labeled training data. For low-resource scenarios, prompt-based…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-04 Ziyun Xu , Chengyu Wang , Minghui Qiu , Fuli Luo , Runxin Xu , Songfang Huang , Jun Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have quickly become an invaluable assistant for a variety of tasks. However, their effectiveness is constrained by their ability to tailor responses to human preferences and behaviors via personalization. Prior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Lucie Charlotte Magister , Katherine Metcalf , Yizhe Zhang , Maartje ter Hoeve

Fixed reasoning benchmarks evaluate canonical prompts, but semantically valid changes in presentation can still change model behavior. Studies of prompt variation can reveal such failures, but without audit they can mix genuine model errors…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Hongmin Li