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Parameterized Quantum Circuits (PQC) are promising towards quantum advantage on near-term quantum hardware. However, due to the large quantum noises (errors), the performance of PQC models has a severe degradation on real quantum devices.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-29 Hanrui Wang , Jiaqi Gu , Yongshan Ding , Zirui Li , Frederic T. Chong , David Z. Pan , Song Han

Large language models of high parameter counts are computationally expensive, yet can be made much more efficient by compressing their weights to very low numerical precision. This can be achieved either through post-training quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Zifei Xu , Sayeh Sharify , Wanzin Yazar , Tristan Webb , Xin Wang

Post-training quantization (PTQ) compresses the weights and activations of large language models (LLMs) into low-precision representations to reduce memory footprint and accelerate inference. However, the presence of outliers in weights and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-17 Yesheng Liang , Haisheng Chen , Zihan Zhang , Song Han , Zhijian Liu

Post-training quantization is widely employed to reduce the computational demands of neural networks. Typically, individual substructures, such as layers or blocks of layers, are quantized with the objective of minimizing quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-07 Khasmamad Shabanovi , Lukas Wiest , Vladimir Golkov , Daniel Cremers , Thomas Pfeil

Large language models (LLMs) deliver strong performance, but their high compute and memory costs make deployment difficult in resource-constrained scenarios. Weight-only post-training quantization (PTQ) is appealing, as it reduces memory…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Xianglong Yan , ChengZhu Bao , Zhiteng Li , Tianao Zhang , Shaoqiu Zhang , Ruobing Xie , Samm Sun , Yulun Zhang

At present, the quantification methods of neural network models are mainly divided into post-training quantization (PTQ) and quantization aware training (QAT). Post-training quantization only need a small part of the data to complete the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-08 Huabin Diao , Gongyan Li , Shaoyun Xu , Yuexing Hao

Quantizing the weights of large language models (LLMs) from 16-bit to lower bitwidth is the de facto approach to deploy massive transformers onto more affordable accelerators. While GPTQ emerged as one of the standard methods for one-shot…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Jiale Chen , Yalda Shabanzadeh , Elvir Crnčević , Torsten Hoefler , Dan Alistarh

Large Language Models (LLMs) with multimodal capabilities have revolutionized vision-language tasks, but their deployment often requires huge memory and computational resources. While post-training quantization (PTQ) has successfully…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Shubhang Bhatnagar , Andy Xu , Kar-Han Tan , Narendra Ahuja

Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) and Quantization-Aware Training (QAT) represent two mainstream model quantization approaches. However, PTQ often leads to unacceptable performance degradation in quantized models, while QAT imposes…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-18 Xinhao Wang , Zhiwei Lin , Zhongyu Xia , Yongtao Wang

Deployment of Large Language Models (LLMs) has major computational costs, due to their rapidly expanding size. Compression of LLMs reduces the memory footprint, latency, and energy required for their inference. Post-training Quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Ali Edalati , Alireza Ghaffari , Mahsa Ghazvini Nejad , Lu Hou , Boxing Chen , Masoud Asgharian , Vahid Partovi Nia

Large-scale visual generative models have achieved remarkable performance. However, their high computational and memory costs make deployment challenging in resource-constrained scenarios, such as interactive applications and personal…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yongsen Cheng , Kai Liu , Kaiwen Tao , Junxian Li , Zhixin Wang , Zhikai Chen , Renjing Pei , Yulun Zhang

Convolutional neural networks require significant memory bandwidth and storage for intermediate computations, apart from substantial computing resources. Neural network quantization has significant benefits in reducing the amount of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Ron Banner , Yury Nahshan , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

Post-training Quantization (PTQ) has become a widely used technique for improving inference efficiency of large language models (LLMs). However, existing PTQ methods generally suffer from crucial limitations such as heavy calibration data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Yongyi Yang , Jianyang Gao , Wei Hu

Quantization and pruning are two essential techniques for compressing neural networks, yet they are often treated independently, with limited theoretical analysis connecting them. This paper introduces a unified framework for post-training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Haoyu Zhang , Rayan Saab

The significant resource requirements associated with Large-scale Language Models (LLMs) have generated considerable interest in the development of techniques aimed at compressing and accelerating neural networks. Among these techniques,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-20 Yuexiao Ma , Huixia Li , Xiawu Zheng , Feng Ling , Xuefeng Xiao , Rui Wang , Shilei Wen , Fei Chao , Rongrong Ji

This paper presents a comprehensive analysis of quantization techniques for optimizing Large Language Models (LLMs), specifically focusing on Post-Training Quantization (PTQ) and Quantization-Aware Training (QAT). Through empirical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-12 Jahid Hasan

Large language models (LLMs) are omnipresent, however their practical deployment is challenging due to their ever increasing computational and memory demands. Quantization is one of the most effective ways to make them more compute and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Yelysei Bondarenko , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Markus Nagel

Recent advancements in unsupervised protein language models (ProteinLMs), like ESM-1b and ESM-2, have shown promise in different protein prediction tasks. However, these models face challenges due to their high computational demands,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Shuang Peng , Fei Yang , Ning Sun , Sheng Chen , Yanfeng Jiang , Aimin Pan

Looped language models (LoopLMs) improve parameter efficiency by recursively reusing Transformer blocks, enabling deeper computation under a fixed model size. However, this reuse makes LoopLMs more fragile under post-training quantization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Rui Fang , Hsi-Wen Chen , Ming-Syan Chen

As new optimizers gain traction and model quantization becomes standard for efficient deployment, a key question arises: how does the choice of optimizer affect model performance in the presence of quantization? Despite progress in both…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-03 Georgios Vlassis , Saleh Ashkboos , Alexandra Volkova , Torsten Hoefler , Dan Alistarh