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We measure the kinematic signature arising from the Milky Way (MW) disc moving with respect to the outer stellar halo, which is observed as a dipole signal in the kinematics of stellar halo tracers. We quantify how the reflex motion varies…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-02-21 Rashid Yaaqib , Michael S. Petersen , Jorge Peñarrubia

The infall of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) into the Milky Way (MW) has displaced the MW's centre of mass, manifesting as an observed reflex motion in the velocities of outer halo stars. We use a Simulation Based Inference framework to…

We model the response of spherical, non-rotating Milky Way (MW) dark matter and stellar halos to the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) using the matrix method of linear response theory. Our computations reproduce the main features of the dark…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-07-20 Simon Rozier , Benoit Famaey , Arnaud Siebert , Giacomo Monari , Christophe Pichon , Rodrigo Ibata

The distribution of dark matter in the Milky Way (MW) is expected to exhibit a large-scale dynamical response to the recent infall of the LMC. This event produces a dynamical friction wake and shifts the MW's halo density center. The…

Indications of disequilibrium throughout the Milky Way (MW) highlight the need for compact,flexible, non-parametric descriptions of phase--space distributions of galaxies. We present a new representation of the current Dark Matter (DM)…

The infall of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) is predicted to displace the inner Milky Way (MW), imprinting an apparent 'reflex motion' on the observed velocities of distant halo stars. We construct the largest all-sky spectroscopic…

The recent pericentric passage of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has dislodged the Milky Way's (MW) centre of mass, inducing dynamical disequilibrium, the reflex motion, in the kinematics of outer stellar halo stars. Using data out to…

The Large Magellanic Cloud is the most massive satellite galaxy of the Milky Way, with an estimated mass exceeding a tenth of the mass of the Milky Way. Just past its closest approach of about 50 kpc, and flying by the Milky Way at an…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-11-24 Michael S. Petersen , Jorge Peñarrubia

Previous studies on astrophysical dark matter (DM) constraints have all assumed that the Milky Way's (MW) DM halo can be modelled in isolation. However, recent work suggests that the MW's largest dwarf satellite, the Large Magellanic Cloud…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2023-01-19 Christopher Eckner , Francesca Calore , Denis Erkal , Sophia Lilleengen , Michael S. Petersen

The infall of the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) into the Milky Way's halo impacts the distribution of stars and dark matter in our Galaxy. Mapping the observational consequences of this encounter can inform us about the properties of both…

The reflex motion and distortion of the Milky Way (MW) halo caused by the infall of a massive Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) has been demonstrated to result in an excess of orbital poles of dark matter halo particles towards the LMC orbital…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-06-22 Marcel S. Pawlowski , Pierre-Antoine Oria , Salvatore Taibi , Benoit Famaey , Rodrigo Ibata

The gravitational interaction between the Milky Way (MW) and the Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) perturbs the MW halo's density and kinematics, encoding information about both galaxies' masses and structures. We present a suite of 2,848…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-07-08 Yanjun Sheng , Yuan-Sen Ting , Xiang-Xiang Xue

Understanding the physical mechanism behind the formation of a co-rotating thin plane of satellite galaxies, like the one observed around the Milky Way (MW), has been challenging. The perturbations induced by a massive satellite galaxy,…

We present the results of N-body models of the Milky Way and Large Magellanic Cloud system and study the kinematic reflex motion in the stellar halo owing to the barycentre displacement of the disc. In agreement with previous studies, we…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-02-28 Michael S. Petersen , Jorge Peñarrubia

The vast majority of the mass in the Milky Way (MW) is in dark matter (DM); we therefore cannot directly observe the MW mass distribution, and have to use tracer populations in order to infer properties of the MW DM halo. However, MW halo…

The large-scale morphology of Milky Way (MW)-mass dark matter (DM) halos is shaped by two key processes: filamentary accretion from the cosmic web and interactions with massive satellites. Disentangling their contributions is essential for…

Recent theoretical and observational analysis of the interaction between the Milky Way (MW) and LMC suggest that it has a significant dynamical impact on the MW's stellar halo. We investigate this effect using simulations from the Latte…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2026-02-04 Mia Mansfield , Robyn Sanderson , Daniel Hey , Daniel Huber , Arpit Arora , Emily Cunningham , Nondh Panithanpaisal

The gravitational interactions between the LMC and the Milky Way cause dynamical perturbations in the MW halo, leading to biased distributions of stellar density and kinematics. We run 50 high-resolution N-body simulations exploring varying…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-10-01 Yanjun Sheng , Yuan-Sen Ting , Xiang-Xiang Xue , Jiang Chang , Hao Tian

Satellite galaxies are predicted to generate gravitational density wakes as they orbit within the dark matter (DM) halos of their hosts, causing their orbits to decay over time. The recent infall of the Milky Way's (MW) most massive…

The SMC orbits within the LMC's dark matter (DM) halo in a $\sim$1:10 mass-ratio encounter. The LMC:Milky Way (MW) interaction is also $\sim$1:10, and is expected to perturb the MW's DM distribution. However, no framework exists to quantify…

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