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Effectively supporting students in mastering all facets of self-regulated learning is a central aim of teachers and educational researchers. Prior research could demonstrate that formative feedback is an effective way to support students…

Physics Education · Physics 2024-12-31 Steffen Steinert , Karina E. Avila , Stefan Ruzika , Jochen Kuhn , Stefan Küchemann

Large language models have not only captivated the public imagination but have also sparked a profound rethinking of how we learn. In the third year following the breakthrough launch of ChatGPT, everyday informal learning has been…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-06-16 Nađa Terzimehić , Babette Bühler , Enkelejda Kasneci

LLMs have shown promising results in task planning due to their strong natural language understanding and reasoning capabilities. However, issues such as hallucinations, ambiguities in human instructions, environmental constraints, and…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used in educational settings as interactive tools for collaboration. However, their tendency toward sycophancy, aligning with user beliefs even when incorrect, raises concerns for learning and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-22 Cansu Koyuturk , Sabrina Guidotti , Dimitri Ognibene

(Tack et al., 2023) organized the shared task hosted by the 18th Workshop on Innovative Use of NLP for Building Educational Applications on generation of teacher language in educational dialogues. Following the structure of the shared task,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-14 Yann Hicke , Abhishek Masand , Wentao Guo , Tushaar Gangavarapu

Large language models (LLMs) often fail to meet the pedagogical needs of K-12 English learners in non-native contexts due to a proficiency mismatch. To address this widespread challenge, we introduce a proficiency-aligned framework that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Haidong Yuan , Haokun Zhao , Wanshi Xu , Songjun Cao , Qingyu Zhou , Long Ma , Hongjie Fan

Automatically generating feedback via large language models (LLMs) in intelligent tutoring systems and online learning platforms has the potential to improve the learning outcomes of many students. However, both feedback generation and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Alexander Scarlatos , Digory Smith , Simon Woodhead , Andrew Lan

Large language models (LLMs) typically generate direct answers, yet they are increasingly used as learning tools. Studying instructors' usage is critical, given their role in teaching and guiding AI adoption in education. We designed and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Si Chen , Isabel R. Molnar , Peiyu Li , Adam Acunin , Ting Hua , Alex Ambrose , Nitesh V. Chawla , Ronald Metoyer

In recent years, instruction tuning has gained increasing attention and emerged as a crucial technique to enhance the capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs). To construct high-quality instruction datasets, many instruction processing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Yixin Ou , Ningyu Zhang , Honghao Gui , Ziwen Xu , Shuofei Qiao , Yida Xue , Runnan Fang , Kangwei Liu , Lei Li , Zhen Bi , Guozhou Zheng , Huajun Chen

While Large Language Models (LLMs) acquire vast knowledge during pre-training, they often lack domain-specific, new, or niche information. Continual pre-training (CPT) attempts to address this gap but suffers from catastrophic forgetting…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Oded Ovadia , Meni Brief , Rachel Lemberg , Eitam Sheetrit

Learning analytics systems increasingly integrate large language models (LLMs) to provide adaptive scaffolding in complex learning environments, yet personalization is often driven by global instructional choices rather than principled…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-05-07 Fatma Betul Gures , Tanya Nazaretsky , Tanja Kaser

Interacting with human via high-quality multi-turn dialogues is a key feature of large language models (LLMs). However, human-based evaluation of such capability involves intensive manual labor. This report provides a preliminary evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-23 Haodong Duan , Jueqi Wei , Chonghua Wang , Hongwei Liu , Yixiao Fang , Songyang Zhang , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

The limited reasoning capabilities of small language models (SLMs) cast doubt on their suitability for tasks demanding deep, multi-step logical deduction. This paper introduces a framework called Small Reasons, Large Hints (SMART), which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Yujin Kim , Euiin Yi , Minu Kim , Se-Young Yun , Taehyeon Kim

Supporting learners during Collaborative Problem Solving (CPS) is a necessity. Existing studies have compared scaffolds with maximal and minimal instructional support by studying their effects on learning and behaviour. However, our…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Kester Wong , Feng Shihui , Sahan Bulathwela , Mutlu Cukurova

Higher education instructors often lack timely and pedagogically grounded support, as scalable instructional guidance remains limited and existing tools rely on generic chatbot advice or non-scalable teaching center human-human…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Isabel Molnar , Peiyu Li , Si Chen , Sugana Chawla , James Lang , Ronald Metoyer , Ting Hua , Nitesh V. Chawla

Learning analytics dashboards (LADs) aim to support students' regulation of learning by translating complex data into feedback. Yet students, especially those with lower self-regulated learning (SRL) competence, often struggle to engage…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Yildiz Uzun , Andrea Gauthier , Mutlu Cukurova

Psychological consultation is essential for improving mental health and well-being, yet challenges such as the shortage of qualified professionals and scalability issues limit its accessibility. To address these challenges, we explore the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Rafael Souza , Jia-Hao Lim , Alexander Davis

Large language models (LLMs) can fluently generate student-like responses, making them attractive as simulated students for training and evaluating AI tutors and human educators. Yet such simulators are typically evaluated by output…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Heejin Do , Shashank Sonkar , Mrinmaya Sachan

As generative AI (Gen-AI) tools become more prevalent in education, there is a growing need to understand how educators, not just students, can actively shape their design and use. This study investigates how two instructors integrated four…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Qian Huang , Thijs Willems

Designing good reflection questions is pedagogically important but time-consuming and unevenly supported across teachers. This paper introduces a reflection-in-reflection framework for automated generation of reflection questions with large…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Ondřej Holub , Essi Ryymin , Rodrigo Alves