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Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training while preserving data privacy by keeping raw data locally stored on client devices, preventing access from other clients or the central server. However, recent studies reveal that…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Ren-Yi Huang , Dumindu Samaraweera , Prashant Shekhar , J. Morris Chang

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed clients without sharing raw data, making it a promising approach for privacy-preserving machine learning in domains like Connected and Autonomous Vehicles…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Muhammad Ali Najjar , Ren-Yi Huang , Dumindu Samaraweera , Prashant Shekhar

Federated Learning (FL) is a distributed learning paradigm that enhances users privacy by eliminating the need for clients to share raw, private data with the server. Despite the success, recent studies expose the vulnerability of FL to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-15 Jing Wu , Munawar Hayat , Mingyi Zhou , Mehrtash Harandi

Federated Learning (FL) is a widely adopted privacy-preserving machine learning approach where private data remains local, enabling secure computations and the exchange of local model gradients between local clients and third-party…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Hanchi Ren , Jingjing Deng , Xianghua Xie

Federated learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across distributed nodes without exposing raw data, but its decentralized nature makes it vulnerable in trust-deficient environments. Inference attacks may recover sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Guanjie Cheng , Mengzhen Yang , Xinkui Zhao , Shuyi Yu , Tianyu Du , Yangyang Wu , Mengying Zhu , Shuiguang Deng

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model building among a large number of participants without the need for explicit data sharing. But this approach shows vulnerabilities when privacy inference attacks are applied to it. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-26 Pretom Roy Ovi , Emon Dey , Nirmalya Roy , Aryya Gangopadhyay

Federated Learning (FL) framework brings privacy benefits to distributed learning systems by allowing multiple clients to participate in a learning task under the coordination of a central server without exchanging their private data.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-30 Zhuohang Li , Jiaxin Zhang , Luyang Liu , Jian Liu

Federated learning is considered as an effective privacy-preserving learning mechanism that separates the client's data and model training process. However, federated learning is still under the risk of privacy leakage because of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-03 Yuxuan Wan , Han Xu , Xiaorui Liu , Jie Ren , Wenqi Fan , Jiliang Tang

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative training of models across distributed clients without sharing local data, addressing privacy concerns in decentralized systems. However, the gradient-sharing process exposes private data to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Mingcong Xu , Xiaojin Zhang , Wei Chen , Hai Jin

Federated learning (FL) is an emerging distributed machine learning framework for collaborative model training with a network of clients (edge devices). FL offers default client privacy by allowing clients to keep their sensitive data on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Wenqi Wei , Ling Liu , Margaret Loper , Ka-Ho Chow , Mehmet Emre Gursoy , Stacey Truex , Yanzhao Wu

Federated learning (FL) aims to collaboratively train the global model in a distributed manner by sharing the model parameters from local clients to a central server, thereby potentially protecting users' private information. Nevertheless,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-17 Zhe Li , Honglong Chen , Zhichen Ni , Huajie Shao

Federated learning(FL) is an emerging distributed learning paradigm with default client privacy because clients can keep sensitive data on their devices and only share local training parameter updates with the federated server. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Wenqi Wei , Ling Liu , Yanzhao Wu , Gong Su , Arun Iyengar

Federated Learning (FL) offers a decentralized framework for training and fine-tuning Large Language Models (LLMs) by leveraging computational resources across organizations while keeping sensitive data on local devices. It addresses…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Md Jueal Mia , M. Hadi Amini

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training without centralizing client data, making it attractive for privacy-sensitive domains. While existing approaches employ cryptographic techniques such as homomorphic encryption,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Sahar Ghoflsaz Ghinani , Elaheh Sadredini

Gradient inversion attacks pose significant privacy threats to distributed training frameworks such as federated learning, enabling malicious parties to reconstruct sensitive local training data from gradient communications between clients…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Jiajun Gu , Yuhang Yao , Shuaiqi Wang , Carlee Joe-Wong

Federated Learning (FL) faces inherent challenges in balancing model performance, privacy preservation, and communication efficiency, especially in non-IID decentralized environments. Recent approaches either sacrifice formal privacy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-14 Md Abrar Jahin , Taufikur Rahman Fuad , M. F. Mridha , Nafiz Fahad , Md. Jakir Hossen

Federated Learning (FL) enables collaborative model training across institutions without sharing raw data. However, gradient sharing still risks privacy leakage, such as gradient inversion attacks. Homomorphic Encryption (HE) can secure…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-27 Jiaqi Xue , Mayank Kumar , Yuzhang Shang , Shangqian Gao , Rui Ning , Mengxin Zheng , Xiaoqian Jiang , Qian Lou

Federated Learning (FL) aims to protect data privacy by enabling clients to collectively train machine learning models without sharing their raw data. However, recent studies demonstrate that information exchanged during FL is subject to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Pengxin Guo , Shuang Zeng , Wenhao Chen , Xiaodan Zhang , Weihong Ren , Yuyin Zhou , Liangqiong Qu

Federated learning enables collaborative model training across distributed clients while preserving data privacy. However, in practical deployments, device heterogeneity, non-independent, and identically distributed (Non-IID) data often…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-20 Jin Wang , Hui Ma , Fei Xing , Ming Yan

Federated Learning (FL) allows for the training of Machine Learning models in a collaborative manner without the need to share sensitive data. However, it remains vulnerable to Gradient Leakage Attacks (GLAs), which can reveal private…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-29 Miguel Fernandez-de-Retana , Unai Zulaika , Rubén Sánchez-Corcuera , Aitor Almeida
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