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Brain decoding is a key neuroscience field that reconstructs the visual stimuli from brain activity with fMRI, which helps illuminate how the brain represents the world. fMRI-to-image reconstruction has achieved impressive progress by…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-10-27 Guoying Sun , Weiyu Guo , Tong Shao , Yang Yang , Haijin Zeng , Jie Liu , Jingyong Su

The integration of multi-modal Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) and clinical data holds great promise for enhancing the diagnosis of neurological disorders (NDs) in real-world clinical settings. Deep Learning (DL) has recently emerged as a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-19 Wajih Hassan Raza , Aamir Bader Shah , Yu Wen , Yidan Shen , Juan Diego Martinez Lemus , Mya Caryn Schiess , Timothy Michael Ellmore , Renjie Hu , Xin Fu

We present a foundation model for brain MRI that can work with different combinations of imaging sequences. The model uses one encoder with learnable modality embeddings, conditional layer normalization, and a masked autoencoding objective…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Minh Sao Khue Luu , Bair N. Tuchinov

Implicit neural representations (INRs) have proven effective in various tasks including image, shape, audio, and video reconstruction. These INRs typically learn the implicit field from sampled input points. This is often done using a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-10-30 Yizhak Ben-Shabat , Chamin Hewa Koneputugodage , Sameera Ramasinghe , Stephen Gould

Visual decoding from brain signals is a key challenge at the intersection of computer vision and neuroscience, requiring methods that bridge neural representations and computational models of vision. A field-wide goal is to achieve…

Hemispheric strokes impair motor control in contralateral body parts, necessitating effective rehabilitation strategies. Motor Imagery-based Brain-Computer Interfaces (MI-BCIs) promote neuroplasticity, aiding the recovery of motor…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-01-06 Praveen K. Parashiva , Sagila Gangadaran , A. P. Vinod

Brain-computer interfaces (BCIs) with speech decoding from brain recordings have broad application potential in fields such as clinical rehabilitation and cognitive neuroscience. However, current decoding methods remain limited to…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-06-05 Yi Guo , Yihang Dong , Michael Kwok-Po Ng , Shuqiang Wang

Neural decoding, the process of understanding how brain activity corresponds to different stimuli, has been a primary objective in cognitive sciences. Over the past three decades, advances in functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI) and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Yanchen Wang , Adam Turnbull , Tiange Xiang , Yunlong Xu , Sa Zhou , Adnan Masoud , Shekoofeh Azizi , Feng Vankee Lin , Ehsan Adeli

Current brain-computer interfaces primarily decode single motor variables, limiting their ability to support natural, high-bandwidth neural control that requires simultaneous extraction of multiple correlated motor dimensions. We introduce…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-08-13 Kaixi Tian , Shengjia Zhao , Yuhan Zhang , Shan Yu

In daily life, we encounter diverse external stimuli, such as images, sounds, and videos. As research in multimodal stimuli and neuroscience advances, fMRI-based brain decoding has become a key tool for understanding brain perception and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-21 Pengyu Liu , Guohua Dong , Dan Guo , Kun Li , Fengling Li , Xun Yang , Meng Wang , Xiaomin Ying

Healthcare relies on multiple types of data, such as medical images, genetic information, and clinical records, to improve diagnosis and treatment. However, missing data is a common challenge due to privacy restrictions, cost, and technical…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Nazanin Moradinasab , Saurav Sengupta , Jiebei Liu , Sana Syed , Donald E. Brown

Computer-aided diagnosis (CAD) systems play a crucial role in analyzing neuroimaging data for neurological and psychiatric disorders. However, small-sample studies suffer from low reproducibility, while large-scale datasets introduce…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Xinglin Zhao , Yanwen Wang , Xiaobo Liu , Yanrong Hao , Rui Cao , Xin Wen

fMRI semantic category understanding using linguistic encoding models attempts to learn a forward mapping that relates stimuli to the corresponding brain activation. State-of-the-art encoding models use a single global model (linear or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-02 Subba Reddy Oota , Naresh Manwani , Raju S. Bapi

The field of brain-computer interfaces is poised to advance from the traditional goal of controlling prosthetic devices using brain signals to combining neural decoding and encoding within a single neuroprosthetic device. Such a device acts…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-12-31 Rajesh P. N. Rao

Deep learning is leading to major advances in the realm of brain decoding from functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging (fMRI). However, the large inter-subject variability in brain characteristics has limited most studies to train models on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Alexis Thual , Yohann Benchetrit , Felix Geilert , Jérémy Rapin , Iurii Makarov , Hubert Banville , Jean-Rémi King

Multimodal MRI offers complementary information for brain tumor segmentation, but clinical scans often lack one or more modalities, which degrades segmentation performance. In this paper, we propose UniME (Uni-Encoder Meets Multi-Encoders),…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-27 Peibo Song , Xiaotian Xue , Jinshuo Zhang , Zihao Wang , Jinhua Liu , Shujun Fu , Fangxun Bao , Si Yong Yeo

Understanding how the brain represents visual information is a fundamental challenge in neuroscience and artificial intelligence. While AI-driven decoding of neural data has provided insights into the human visual system, integrating…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Dongyang Li , Haoyang Qin , Mingyang Wu , Chen Wei , Quanying Liu

Decoding speech directly from neural activity is a central goal in brain-computer interface (BCI) research. In recent years, exciting advances have been made through the growing use of intracranial field potential recordings, such as…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-28 Hui Zheng , Hai-Teng Wang , Yi-Tao Jing , Pei-Yang Lin , Han-Qing Zhao , Wei Chen , Peng-Hu Wei , Yong-Zhi Shan , Guo-Guang Zhao , Yun-Zhe Liu

Electroencephalography (EEG) foundation models hold significant promise for universal Brain-Computer Interfaces (BCIs). However, existing approaches often rely on end-to-end fine-tuning and exhibit limited efficacy under frozen-probing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Jiquan Wang , Sha Zhao , Yangxuan Zhou , Yiming Kang , Shijian Li , Gang Pan

Integrating high-level semantically correlated contents and low-level anatomical features is of central importance in medical image segmentation. Towards this end, recent deep learning-based medical segmentation methods have shown great…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-07-19 Chenyu You , Weicheng Dai , Yifei Min , Lawrence Staib , James S. Duncan