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Measuring GUI task difficulty is crucial for user behavior analysis and agent capability evaluation. Yet, existing benchmarks typically quantify difficulty based on motor actions (e.g., step counts), overlooking the cognitive demands…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-13 Yiwen Yin , Zhian Hu , Xiaoxi Xu , Chun Yu , Xintong Wu , Wenyu Fan , Yuanchun Shi

Mobile applications (apps) are integral to our daily lives, offering diverse services and functionalities. They enable sighted users to access information coherently in an extremely convenient manner. However, it remains unclear if visually…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Mengxi Zhang , Huaxiao Liu , Yuheng Zhou , Chunyang Chen , Pei Huang , Jian Zhao

While Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have shown promising performance in automated device interaction, they primarily depend on static parametric knowledge from pre-training or instruction tuning. This reliance fundamentally limits…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Jingjing Liu , Ziye Huang , Zihao Cheng , Zeming Liu , Jiahong Wu , Yuhang Guo , Kehai Chen , Yunhong Wang , Haifeng Wang

Automated GUI testing is crucial for ensuring the quality and reliability of Android apps. However, the efficacy of existing UI testing techniques is often limited, especially in terms of coverage. Recent studies, including the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Wei Minn , Biniam Fisseha Demissie , Yan Naing Tun , Jiakun Liu , Mariano Ceccato , Lwin Khin Shar , David Lo

Web AI agents such as ChatGPT Agent and GenSpark are increasingly used for routine web-based tasks, yet they still rely on text-based input prompts, lack proactive detection of user intent, and offer no support for interactive data analysis…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Yanwei Huang , Arpit Narechania

GUI agents have emerged as a powerful paradigm for automating interactions in digital environments, yet achieving both broad generality and consistently strong task performance remains challenging. In this report, we present UI-Venus-1.5, a…

Recently, Agentic AI has become an increasingly popular research field. However, we argue that current agent research practices lack standardization and scientific rigor, making it hard to conduct fair comparisons among methods. As a…

With the growing reliance on digital devices equipped with graphical user interfaces (GUIs), such as computers and smartphones, the need for effective automation tools has become increasingly important. While multimodal large language…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Jakub Hoscilowicz , Bartosz Maj , Bartosz Kozakiewicz , Oleksii Tymoshchuk , Artur Janicki

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents require effective use of historical context to perform sequential navigation tasks. While incorporating past actions and observations can improve decision making, naive use of full history leads to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Xurui Zhou , Gongwei Chen , Yuquan Xie , Zaijing Li , Kaiwen Zhou , Shuai Wang , Shuo Yang , Zhuotao Tian , Rui Shao

Proactive AR agents promise context-aware assistance, but their interactions often rely on explicit voice prompts or responses, which can be disruptive or socially awkward. We introduce Sensible Agent, a framework designed for unobtrusive…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Geonsun Lee , Min Xia , Nels Numan , Xun Qian , David Li , Yanhe Chen , Achin Kulshrestha , Ishan Chatterjee , Yinda Zhang , Dinesh Manocha , David Kim , Ruofei Du

We introduce Reagent, a technology that readily converts ordinary webpages containing structured data into software agents with which one can interact naturally, via a combination of speech and pointing. Previous efforts to make webpage…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Mathew Peveler , Jeffery Kephart , Hui Su

When deployed, AI agents will encounter problems that are beyond their autonomous problem-solving capabilities. Leveraging human assistance can help agents overcome their inherent limitations and robustly cope with unfamiliar situations. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Khanh Nguyen , Yonatan Bisk , Hal Daumé

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) for language models significantly improves language understanding systems. The basic retrieval-then-read pipeline of response generation has evolved into a more extended process due to the integration of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Yunxiao Shi , Xing Zi , Zijing Shi , Haimin Zhang , Qiang Wu , Min Xu

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents, driven by Multi-modal Large Language Models (MLLMs), have emerged as a promising paradigm for enabling intelligent interaction with digital systems. This paper provides a structured survey of recent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Jiahao Li , Kaer Huang

Existing work on vision and language navigation mainly relies on navigation-related losses to establish the connection between vision and language modalities, neglecting aspects of helping the navigation agent build a deep understanding of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Yue Zhang , Quan Guo , Parisa Kordjamshidi

Smart recommendation algorithms have revolutionized content delivery and improved efficiency across various domains. However, concerns about user agency arise from the algorithms' inherent opacity (information asymmetry) and one-way output…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Mengke Wu , Weizi Liu , Yanyun Wang , Mike Yao

The rapid evolution of sophisticated cyberattacks has strained modern Security Operations Centers (SOC), which traditionally rely on rule-based or signature-driven detection systems. These legacy frameworks often generate high volumes of…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Chuanming Tang , Ling Qing , Shifeng Chen

Mobile GUI agents powered by large foundation models enable autonomous task execution, but frequent updates altering UI appearance and reorganizing workflows cause agents trained on historical data to fail. Despite surface changes,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Libo Sun , Jiwen Zhang , Siyuan Wang , Zhongyu Wei

There is a growing demand for mobile user interface (UI) automation, driven by its broad applications across industries. With the advent of visual language models (VLMs), GUI automation has progressed from generating text-based instructions…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-12 Neeraj Anand , Rishabh Jain , Sohan Patnaik , Balaji Krishnamurthy , Mausoom Sarkar

This paper presents a design of agent-based intelligent HCI (iHCI) system using collaborative information for MR to improve user experience and information security based on context-aware computing. In order to implement target awareness…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2019-11-11 Hamed Alqahtani , Charles Z. Liu , Manolya Kavakli-Thorne , Yuzhi Kang
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