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This paper presents a modular approach to accelerate inference in large language models (LLMs) by adding early exit heads at intermediate transformer layers. Each head is trained in a self-supervised manner to mimic the main model's…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Florian Valade

Vision Large Language Models (VLLMs) incur high computational costs due to their reliance on hundreds of visual tokens to represent images. While token pruning offers a promising solution for accelerating inference, this paper, however,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yahong Wang , Juncheng Wu , Zhangkai Ni , Longzhen Yang , Yihang Liu , Chengmei Yang , Ying Wen , Lianghua He , Xianfeng Tang , Hui Liu , Yuyin Zhou

The pruning objective has recently extended beyond accuracy and sparsity to robustness in language models. Despite this, existing methods struggle to enhance robustness against adversarial attacks when continually increasing model sparsity…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Jianwei Li , Qi Lei , Wei Cheng , Dongkuan Xu

Robustness has become an important consideration in deep learning. With the help of explainable AI, mismatches between an explained model's decision strategy and the user's domain knowledge (e.g. Clever Hans effects) have been identified as…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Lorenz Linhardt , Klaus-Robert Müller , Grégoire Montavon

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable reasoning capabilities. However, single-shot inference often yields unreliable results for complex reasoning tasks, leading researchers to explore multiple…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Zhi Zhou , Tan Yuhao , Zenan Li , Yuan Yao , Lan-Zhe Guo , Xiaoxing Ma , Yu-Feng Li

Recent advancements in large language models have intensified the need for efficient and deployable models within limited inference budgets. Structured pruning pipelines have shown promise in token efficiency compared to training…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Yixiao Li , Xianzhi Du , Ajay Jaiswal , Tao Lei , Tuo Zhao , Chong Wang , Jianyu Wang

Token filtering to reduce irrelevant tokens prior to self-attention is a straightforward way to enable efficient vision Transformer. This is the first work to view token filtering from a feature selection perspective, where we weigh the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-25 Hong Wang , Su Yang , Xiaoke Huang , Weishan Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive performance on multiple-choice question answering (MCQA) benchmarks, yet they remain highly vulnerable to minor input perturbations. In this paper, we introduce and evaluate Token…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Jui-Ming Yao , Hao-Yuan Chen , Zi-Xian Tang , Bing-Jia Tan , Sheng-Wei Peng , Bing-Cheng Xie , Shun-Feng Su

Pruning the weights of randomly initialized neural networks plays an important role in the context of lottery ticket hypothesis. Ramanujan et al. (2020) empirically showed that only pruning the weights can achieve remarkable performance…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-06 Daiki Chijiwa , Shin'ya Yamaguchi , Yasutoshi Ida , Kenji Umakoshi , Tomohiro Inoue

Resource-efficient convolution neural networks enable not only the intelligence on edge devices but also opportunities in system-level optimization such as scheduling. In this work, we aim to improve the performance of resource-constrained…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-10-19 Ting-Wu Chin , Cha Zhang , Diana Marculescu

Both performance and efficiency are crucial factors for sequence labeling tasks in many real-world scenarios. Although the pre-trained models (PTMs) have significantly improved the performance of various sequence labeling tasks, their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-15 Xiaonan Li , Yunfan Shao , Tianxiang Sun , Hang Yan , Xipeng Qiu , Xuanjing Huang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across a wide range of tasks, yet their significant computational and memory requirements present major challenges for deployment. A common approach uses Taylor…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Yijun Zhu , Jianxin Wang , Chengchao Shen

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown great potential in reasoning tasks through test-time scaling methods like self-consistency with majority voting. However, this approach often leads to diminishing returns in accuracy and high…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Yichao Fu , Xuewei Wang , Yuandong Tian , Jiawei Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) now exhibit strong multi-step reasoning abilities, but existing inference-time scaling methods remain computationally expensive, often relying on extensive sampling or external evaluators. We propose a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Nicolas Legrand , Kenneth Enevoldsen , Márton Kardos , Kristoffer Nielbo

Deep learning models that perform well often have high computational costs. In this paper, we combine two approaches that try to reduce the computational cost while keeping the model performance high: pruning and early exit networks. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-12 Alperen Görmez , Erdem Koyuncu

Large reasoning models achieve strong performance on complex tasks by generating extended chains of thought, but they often "overthink": continuing to reason long after they have enough information to answer correctly. This wastes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Ömer Faruk Akgül , Yusuf Hakan Kalaycı , Rajgopal Kannan , Willie Neiswanger , Viktor Prasanna

Dataset pruning reduces the storage and training costs of deep learning by selecting an informative subset from a large dataset. However, most existing pruning methods require fully labeled data, which limits their applicability in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Yeseul Cho , Baekrok Shin , Changmin Kang , Chulhee Yun

Large language models (LLMs) have been increasingly used to analyze text. However, they are often plagued with contextual reasoning limitations when analyzing long documents. When long documents are processed sequentially, early or dominant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Aisvarya Adeseye , Jouni Isoaho , Adeyemi Adeseye

Fine-tuning pretrained contextual word embedding models to supervised downstream tasks has become commonplace in natural language processing. This process, however, is often brittle: even with the same hyperparameter values, distinct random…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-02-19 Jesse Dodge , Gabriel Ilharco , Roy Schwartz , Ali Farhadi , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Noah Smith

Large Language Models have proven highly successful at modelling a variety of tasks. However, this comes at a steep computational cost that hinders wider industrial uptake. In this paper, we present MWT: a Multi-Word Tokenizer that goes…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-08 Leonidas Gee , Leonardo Rigutini , Marco Ernandes , Andrea Zugarini
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