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As AI systems become increasingly sophisticated, questions about machine consciousness and its ethical implications have moved from fringe speculation to mainstream academic debate. Current ethical frameworks in this domain often implicitly…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Zhou Ziheng , Haiqiang Dai , Bin Ling , Ying Nian Wu , Demetri Terzopoulos

How to make artificial intelligence (AI) systems safe and aligned with human values is an open research question. Proposed solutions tend toward relying on human intervention in uncertain situations, learning human values and intentions…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2023-10-04 Jeffrey W. Johnston

Since the publication of the first International AI Safety Report, AI capabilities have continued to improve across key domains. New training techniques that teach AI systems to reason step-by-step and inference-time enhancements have…

AI coding assistants are now central to professional software development, yet their impact on how developers think about and practice security remains poorly understood. While prior work has documented vulnerability rates in AI-generated…

In the vast domain of cybersecurity, the transition from reactive defense to offensive has become critical in protecting digital infrastructures. This paper explores the integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) into offensive…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Leroy Jacob Valencia

AI systems that "think" in human language offer a unique opportunity for AI safety: we can monitor their chains of thought (CoT) for the intent to misbehave. Like all other known AI oversight methods, CoT monitoring is imperfect and allows…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) systems have historically been used as tools that execute narrowly defined tasks. Yet recent advances in AI have unlocked possibilities for a new class of models that genuinely collaborate with humans in complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Kerem Oktar , Katherine M. Collins , Jose Hernandez-Orallo , Diane Coyle , Stephen Cave , Adrian Weller , Ilia Sucholutsky

Artificial Intelligence (AI) is expected to play a key role in 6G networks including optimising system management, operation, and evolution. This requires systematic lifecycle management of AI models, ensuring their impact on services and…

Artificial Intelligence (AI) has emerged as both a continuation of historical technological revolutions and a potential rupture with them. This paper argues that AI must be viewed simultaneously through three lenses: \textit{risk}, where it…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Masoud Makrehchi

The capabilities of artificial intelligence systems have been advancing to a great extent, but these systems still struggle with failure modes, vulnerabilities, and biases. In this paper, we study the current state of the field, and present…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Xingli Fang , Jianwei Li , Varun Mulchandani , Jung-Eun Kim

Organizations that develop and deploy artificial intelligence (AI) systems need to manage the associated risks - for economic, legal, and ethical reasons. However, it is not always clear who is responsible for AI risk management. The Three…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-01-22 Jonas Schuett

The malicious use or malfunction of advanced general-purpose AI (GPAI) poses risks that, according to leading experts, could lead to the 'marginalisation or extinction of humanity.' To address these risks, there are an increasing number of…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Rebecca Scholefield , Samuel Martin , Otto Barten

As AI systems become integral to critical operations across industries and services, ensuring their reliability and safety is essential. We offer a framework that integrates established reliability and resilience engineering principles into…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Saurabh Mishra , Anand Rao , Ramayya Krishnan , Bilal Ayyub , Amin Aria , Enrico Zio

As artificial intelligence (AI) systems are increasingly deployed, principles for ethical AI are also proliferating. Certification offers a method to both incentivize adoption of these principles and substantiate that they have been…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Peter Cihon , Moritz J. Kleinaltenkamp , Jonas Schuett , Seth D. Baum

The complex and evolving threat landscape of frontier AI development requires a multi-layered approach to risk management ("defense-in-depth"). By reviewing cybersecurity and AI frameworks, we outline three approaches that can help identify…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-08-16 Shaun Ee , Joe O'Brien , Zoe Williams , Amanda El-Dakhakhni , Michael Aird , Alex Lintz

Organizations and governments that develop, deploy, use, and govern AI must coordinate on effective risk mitigation. However, the landscape of AI risk mitigation frameworks is fragmented, uses inconsistent terminology, and has gaps in…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Alexander K. Saeri , Sophia Lloyd George , Jess Graham , Clelia D. Lacarriere , Peter Slattery , Michael Noetel , Neil Thompson

AI agents are vulnerable to indirect prompt injection attacks, where malicious instructions embedded in external content or tool outputs cause unintended or harmful behavior. Inspired by the well-established concept of firewalls, we show…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Rishika Bhagwatkar , Kevin Kasa , Abhay Puri , Gabriel Huang , Irina Rish , Graham W. Taylor , Krishnamurthy Dj Dvijotham , Alexandre Lacoste

The rapid advancement and deployment of AI systems have created an urgent need for standard safety-evaluation frameworks. This paper introduces AILuminate v1.0, the first comprehensive industry-standard benchmark for assessing AI-product…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-04-22 Shaona Ghosh , Heather Frase , Adina Williams , Sarah Luger , Paul Röttger , Fazl Barez , Sean McGregor , Kenneth Fricklas , Mala Kumar , Quentin Feuillade--Montixi , Kurt Bollacker , Felix Friedrich , Ryan Tsang , Bertie Vidgen , Alicia Parrish , Chris Knotz , Eleonora Presani , Jonathan Bennion , Marisa Ferrara Boston , Mike Kuniavsky , Wiebke Hutiri , James Ezick , Malek Ben Salem , Rajat Sahay , Sujata Goswami , Usman Gohar , Ben Huang , Supheakmungkol Sarin , Elie Alhajjar , Canyu Chen , Roman Eng , Kashyap Ramanandula Manjusha , Virendra Mehta , Eileen Long , Murali Emani , Natan Vidra , Benjamin Rukundo , Abolfazl Shahbazi , Kongtao Chen , Rajat Ghosh , Vithursan Thangarasa , Pierre Peigné , Abhinav Singh , Max Bartolo , Satyapriya Krishna , Mubashara Akhtar , Rafael Gold , Cody Coleman , Luis Oala , Vassil Tashev , Joseph Marvin Imperial , Amy Russ , Sasidhar Kunapuli , Nicolas Miailhe , Julien Delaunay , Bhaktipriya Radharapu , Rajat Shinde , Tuesday , Debojyoti Dutta , Declan Grabb , Ananya Gangavarapu , Saurav Sahay , Agasthya Gangavarapu , Patrick Schramowski , Stephen Singam , Tom David , Xudong Han , Priyanka Mary Mammen , Tarunima Prabhakar , Venelin Kovatchev , Rebecca Weiss , Ahmed Ahmed , Kelvin N. Manyeki , Sandeep Madireddy , Foutse Khomh , Fedor Zhdanov , Joachim Baumann , Nina Vasan , Xianjun Yang , Carlos Mougn , Jibin Rajan Varghese , Hussain Chinoy , Seshakrishna Jitendar , Manil Maskey , Claire V. Hardgrove , Tianhao Li , Aakash Gupta , Emil Joswin , Yifan Mai , Shachi H Kumar , Cigdem Patlak , Kevin Lu , Vincent Alessi , Sree Bhargavi Balija , Chenhe Gu , Robert Sullivan , James Gealy , Matt Lavrisa , James Goel , Peter Mattson , Percy Liang , Joaquin Vanschoren

The rapid growth of distributed energy resources (DERs), such as renewable energy sources, generators, consumers, and prosumers in the smart grid infrastructure, poses significant cybersecurity and trust challenges to the grid controller.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-16 Md. Shirajum Munir , Sachin Shetty , Danda B. Rawat