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Graphical user interfaces (GUIs) are the primary medium for human-computer interaction, yet automating GUI interactions remains challenging due to the complexity of visual elements, dynamic environments, and the need for multi-step…

AI agents powered by large language models are increasingly capable of autonomously completing complex, multi-step tasks using external tools. Yet, they still fall short of human-level performance in most domains including computer use,…

Mobile graphical user interface (GUI) agents are designed to automate everyday tasks on smartphones. Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have significantly enhanced the capabilities of mobile GUI agents. However, most…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Mingxian Yu , Siqi Luo , Xu Chen

Recent advances in vision-language models (VLMs) and reinforcement learning (RL) have driven progress in GUI automation. However, most existing methods rely on static, one-shot visual inputs and passive perception, lacking the ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Chen Chen , Jiawei Shao , Dakuan Lu , Haoyi Hu , Xiangcheng Liu , Hantao Yao , Wu Liu

Mobile GUI agents excel at immediate reactive control but frequently fail in realistic, long-horizon tasks that require memory. This failure stems from a fundamental conflict between limited context windows and token-heavy screenshots. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Junyang Wang , Haiyang Xu , Xi Zhang , Zhaoqing Zhu , Ming Yan , Jieping Ye , Jitao Sang

Graphical user interface (GUI) agents autonomously complete tasks across platforms (\eg, Linux) by sequentially decomposing user instructions into action proposals that iteratively interact with visual elements in the evolving environment.…

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents powered by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) promise human-like interaction with software applications, yet long-horizon tasks remain challenging due to memory limitations. Existing approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zikang Liu , Junyi Li , Wayne Xin Zhao , Dawei Gao , Yaliang Li , Ji-rong Wen

Pursuing human-like interaction for Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents requires understanding the GUI context and following user instructions. However, existing works typically couple these two aspects and focus more on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-13 Huawen Shen , Chang Liu , Gengluo Li , Xinlong Wang , Yu Zhou , Can Ma , Xiangyang Ji

We aim to increase the flexibility at which a data worker can choose the right tool for the job, regardless of whether the tool is a code library or an interactive graphical user interface (GUI). To achieve this flexibility, we extend…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2020-09-23 Mary Beth Kery , Donghao Ren , Fred Hohman , Dominik Moritz , Kanit Wongsuphasawat , Kayur Patel

Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents have gained substantial attention due to their impressive capabilities to complete tasks through multiple interactions within GUI environments. However, existing agents primarily focus on enhancing the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Qinzhuo Wu , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan

The paper introduces GUI-Owl-1.5, the latest native GUI agent model that features instruct/thinking variants in multiple sizes (2B/4B/8B/32B/235B) and supports a range of platforms (desktop, mobile, browser, and more) to enable cloud-edge…

Mobile graphical user interface (GUI) agents enable AI models to autonomously operate smartphones on behalf of users. However, most existing systems focus primarily on optimizing task accuracy and rely on cloud-hosted models for inference,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Runxi Huang , Liyu Zhang , Shengzhong Liu , Xiaomin Ouyang

The performance and generalization of foundation models for interactive systems critically depend on the availability of large-scale, realistic training data. While recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have improved GUI…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Sofiya Garkot , Maksym Shamrai , Ivan Synytsia , Mariya Hirna

With the development of foundation model (FM), agentic AI systems are getting more attention, yet their inherent issues like hallucination and poor reasoning, coupled with the frequent ad-hoc nature of system design, lead to unreliable and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-28 Minh-Dung Dao , Quy Minh Le , Hoang Thanh Lam , Duc-Trong Le , Quoc-Viet Pham , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

GUI automation faces critical challenges in dynamic environments. MLLMs suffer from two key issues: misinterpreting UI components and outdated knowledge. Traditional fine-tuning methods are costly for app-specific knowledge updates. We…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Bin Xie , Rui Shao , Gongwei Chen , Kaiwen Zhou , Yinchuan Li , Jie Liu , Min Zhang , Liqiang Nie

The Graphical User Interface (GUI) is pivotal for human interaction with the digital world, enabling efficient device control and the completion of complex tasks. Recent progress in Large Language Models (LLMs) and Vision Language Models…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Danyang Zhang , Zhennan Shen , Rui Xie , Situo Zhang , Tianbao Xie , Zihan Zhao , Siyuan Chen , Lu Chen , Hongshen Xu , Ruisheng Cao , Kai Yu

Mobile GUI agents powered by large language models have progressed rapidly, creating urgent needs for realistic and comprehensive evaluation. Existing benchmarks prioritize reproducibility but are often limited to open-source apps or…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-26 Guohong Liu , Jialei Ye , Pengzhi Gao , Wei Liu , Jian Luan , Yunxin Liu , Yuanchun Li

This article presents a modular, component-based architecture for developing and evaluating AI agents that bridge the gap between natural language interfaces and complex enterprise data warehouses. The system directly addresses core…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Nooshin Bahador

Computer Use Agents (CUAs) can act through both atomic GUI actions, such as click and type, and high-level tool calls, such as API-based file operations, but this hybrid action space often leaves them uncertain about when to continue with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Xuhao Hu , Xi Zhang , Haiyang Xu , Kyle Qiao , Jingyi Yang , Xuanjing Huang , Jing Shao , Ming Yan , Jieping Ye

With the rapid rise of large language models (LLMs), phone automation has undergone transformative changes. This paper systematically reviews LLM-driven phone GUI agents, highlighting their evolution from script-based automation to…

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