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Large Language Models (LLMs) such as GPT-4, Claude and LLaMA have shown impressive performance in code generation, typically evaluated using benchmarks (e.g., HumanEval). However, effective code generation requires models to understand and…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-08 Md Ahasanuzzaman , Bram Adams , Emad Fallahzadeh , Gustavo A. Oliva , Ahmed E. Hassan

LLM-based programming assistants offer the promise of programming faster but with the risk of introducing more security vulnerabilities. Prior work has studied how LLMs could be maliciously fine-tuned to suggest vulnerabilities more often.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-17 John Heibel , Daniel Lowd

Large language models (LLMs) have become indispensable for automated code generation, yet the quality and security of their outputs remain a critical concern. Existing studies predominantly concentrate on adversarial attacks or inherent…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Bin Wang , YiLu Zhong , MiDi Wan , WenJie Yu , YuanBing Ouyang , Yenan Huang , Hui Li

With the help of in-context learning (ICL), large language models (LLMs) have achieved impressive performance across various tasks. However, the function of descriptive instructions during ICL remains under-explored. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-09 Chenming Tang , Zhixiang Wang , Hao Sun , Yunfang Wu

Test cases are essential for validating the reliability and quality of software applications. Recent studies have demonstrated the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) to generate useful test cases for given source code. However, the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-01-03 Shuzheng Gao , Chaozheng Wang , Cuiyun Gao , Xiaoqian Jiao , Chun Yong Chong , Shan Gao , Michael Lyu

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive capabilities across various tasks, but their performance is highly sensitive to the prompts utilized. This variability poses challenges for accurate assessment and user satisfaction.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-17 Jingming Zhuo , Songyang Zhang , Xinyu Fang , Haodong Duan , Dahua Lin , Kai Chen

The growing capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to their widespread adoption for function completion within code repositories. Recent studies on such tasks show promising results when explicit instructions, often in the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-25 Yanzhou Li , Tianlin Li , Yiran Zhang , Shangqing Liu , Aishan Liu , Xianglong Liu , Yang Liu

Finetuning large language models (LLMs) on instructions leads to vast performance improvements on natural language tasks. We apply instruction tuning using code, leveraging the natural structure of Git commits, which pair code changes with…

The output of large language models (LLMs) is unstable, due both to non-determinism of the decoding process as well as to prompt brittleness. While the intrinsic non-determinism of LLM generation may mimic existing uncertainty in human…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-10 Jiahui Li , Sean Papay , Roman Klinger

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to diverse applications, ensuring their reliability under varying input conditions is crucial. One key issue affecting this reliability is order sensitivity, wherein slight variations in the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Bryan Guan , Tanya Roosta , Peyman Passban , Mehdi Rezagholizadeh

By conditioning on natural language instructions, large language models (LLMs) have displayed impressive capabilities as general-purpose computers. However, task performance depends significantly on the quality of the prompt used to steer…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-13 Yongchao Zhou , Andrei Ioan Muresanu , Ziwen Han , Keiran Paster , Silviu Pitis , Harris Chan , Jimmy Ba

With an increasing number of parameters and pre-training data, generative large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable capabilities to solve tasks with minimal or no task-related examples. Notably, LLMs have been successfully employed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Christoph Leiter , Juri Opitz , Daniel Deutsch , Yang Gao , Rotem Dror , Steffen Eger

Despite their remarkable capabilities, Large Language Models (LLMs) are found to be surprisingly sensitive to minor variations in prompts, often generating significantly divergent outputs in response to minor variations in the prompts, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Anwoy Chatterjee , H S V N S Kowndinya Renduchintala , Sumit Bhatia , Tanmoy Chakraborty

Code generation has emerged as a key task to automate software development by converting high-level descriptions into executable code. Large language models (LLMs) excel at this but depend heavily on input prompt quality.Manual prompt…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-17 Sixiang Ye , Zeyu Sun , Guoqing Wang , Liwei Guo , Qingyuan Liang , Zheng Li , Yong Liu

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to $``$learn in context$"$ based on the provided prompt has led to an explosive growth in their use, culminating in the proliferation of AI assistants such as ChatGPT, Claude, and Bard. These AI…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Namrata Shivagunde , Vladislav Lialin , Sherin Muckatira , Anna Rumshisky

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to real-world code generation, where functional correctness alone is insufficient for reliable deployment, developers also expect adherence to explicit requirements for robustness,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Sravani Gunnu , Shanmukha Guttula , Hima Patel

Large Language Model (LLM) Agents are advancing quickly, with the increasing leveraging of LLM Agents to assist in development tasks such as code generation. While LLM Agents accelerate code generation, studies indicate they may introduce…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Haoming Huang , Pongchai Jaisri , Shota Shimizu , Lingfeng Chen , Sota Nakashima , Gema Rodríguez-Pérez

Evaluating the capability of Large Language Models (LLMs) in following instructions has heavily relied on a powerful LLM as the judge, introducing unresolved biases that deviate the judgments from human judges. In this work, we reevaluate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Xinxi Lyu , Yizhong Wang , Hannaneh Hajishirzi , Pradeep Dasigi

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant advancements in error handling. Current error-handling works are performed in a passive manner, with explicit error-handling instructions. However, in real-world scenarios, explicit…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Jiayi Zeng , Yizhe Feng , Mengliang He , Wenhui Lei , Wei Zhang , Zeming Liu , Xiaoming Shi , Aimin Zhou

Mental health disorders pose a growing public health concern in the Arab world, emphasizing the need for accessible diagnostic and intervention tools. Large language models (LLMs) offer a promising approach, but their application in Arabic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Noureldin Zahran , Aya E. Fouda , Radwa J. Hanafy , Mohammed E. Fouda