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Variational Quantum Circuits (VQC) are promising models for quantum machine learning, but standard monolithic architectures face an expressivity--trainability dilemma: small circuits can be under-parameterized, while larger circuits are…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-12 Howard Su , Chen-Yu Liu , Samuel Yen-Chi Chen , Kuan-Cheng Chen , Huan-Hsin Tseng

Designing compact and accurate circuits for the variational quantum eigensolver (VQE) is a central challenge in near-term quantum chemistry. Existing adaptive methods such as ADAPT-VQE design circuits by iteratively selecting operators from…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-05-28 Jianpeng Chen , Zirui Sheng , Cunxi Gong , Weitang Li

The emergence of noisy intermediate-scale quantum (NISQ) computers has important consequences for cryptographic algorithms. It is theoretically well-established that key algorithms used in cybersecurity are vulnerable to quantum computers…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-06 Sahay Harshvardhan , Sanil Jain , James E. McClure , Caleb McIrvin , Ngoc Quy Tran

Scaling quantum computers, i.e., quantum processing units (QPUs) to enable the execution of large quantum circuits is a major challenge, especially for applications that should provide a quantum advantage over classical algorithms. One…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-27 Leo Sünkel , Jonas Stein , Jonas Nüßlein , Tobias Rohe , Claudia Linnhoff-Popien

Compiling a high-level quantum circuit down to a low-level description that can be executed on state-of-the-art quantum computers is a crucial part of the software stack for quantum computing. One step in compiling a quantum circuit to some…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-04-20 Tom Peham , Lukas Burgholzer , Robert Wille

NISQ devices have several physical limitations and unavoidable noisy quantum operations, and only small circuits can be executed on a quantum machine to get reliable results. This leads to the quantum hardware under-utilization issue. Here,…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Siyuan Niu , Aida Todri-Sanial

In the era of noisy intermediate-scale quantum devices, variational quantum algorithms (VQAs) stand as a prominent strategy for constructing quantum machine learning models. These models comprise both a quantum and a classical component.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-04-01 Lucas Friedrich , Jonas Maziero

Although quantum computing holds promise for solving Combinatorial Optimization Problems (COPs), the limited qubit capacity of NISQ hardware makes large-scale instances intractable. Conventional methods attempt to bridge this gap through…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Yuhan Huang , Siyuan Jin , Yichi Zhang , Qi Zhao , Jun Qi , Qiming Shao

Despite quantum computing's rapid development, current systems remain limited in practical applications due to their limited qubit count and quality. Various technologies, such as superconducting, trapped ions, and neutral atom quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-08 Shuwen Kan , Zefan Du , Miguel Palma , Samuel A Stein , Chenxu Liu , Wenqi Wei , Juntao Chen , Ang Li , Ying Mao

Quantum Computing aims to streamline machine learning, making it more effective with fewer trainable parameters. This reduction of parameters can speed up the learning process and reduce the use of computational resources. However, in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-05-22 Michael Kölle , Timo Witter , Tobias Rohe , Gerhard Stenzel , Philipp Altmann , Thomas Gabor

The promise of quantum computing to address complex problems requiring high computational resources has long been hindered by the intrinsic and demanding requirements of quantum hardware development. Nonetheless, the current state of…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-07-10 Daniel F Perez-Ramirez

Variational quantum algorithm (VQA), which is comprised of a classical optimizer and a parameterized quantum circuit, emerges as one of the most promising approaches for harvesting the power of quantum computers in the noisy intermediate…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-12-01 Samuel Stein , Yufei Ding , Nathan Wiebe , Bo Peng , Karol Kowalski , Nathan Baker , James Ang , Ang Li

Hybrid High-performance Computing (HPC)-quantum workloads based on circuit cutting decompose large quantum circuits into independent fragments, but existing frameworks tightly couple cutting logic to execution orchestration, preventing HPC…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-17 Ricard S. García-Raigada , Josep Jorba , Sergio Iserte

In this paper we present an architecture that enables the redesign of large-scale quantum circuits on quantum hardware based on the entangling quantum generative adversarial network (EQ-GAN). Specifically, by prepending a random quantum…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-05-19 Runhong He , Ji Guan , Xin Hong , Guolong Cui , Shengbin Wang , Shenggang Ying

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) combine quantum circuits with classical optimization to tackle problems that may benefit from the capabilities of near-term quantum hardware. In knowledge graph embedding, recent proposals based on this…

Quantum circuit cutting has been proposed to help execute large quantum circuits using only small and noisy machines. Intuitively, cutting a qubit wire can be thought of as classically passing information of a quantum state along each…

Designing effective quantum circuits remains a central challenge in quantum computing, as circuit structure strongly influences expressivity, trainability, and hardware feasibility. Current approaches, whether using manually designed…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Devroop Kar , Daniel Krutz , Travis Desell

Variational Quantum Algorithms (VQAs) are promising for near- and intermediate-term quantum computing, but their execution cost is substantial. Each task requires many iterations and numerous circuits per iteration, and real-world…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-12-22 Yuewen Hou , Dhanvi Bharadwaj , Gokul Subramanian Ravi

Quantum algorithms for Noisy Intermediate-Scale Quantum (NISQ) machines have recently emerged as new promising routes towards demonstrating near-term quantum advantage (or supremacy) over classical systems. In these systems samples are…

Quantum computers face inherent scaling challenges, a fact that necessitates investigation of distributed quantum computing systems, whereby scaling is achieved through interconnection of smaller quantum processing units. However,…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2026-01-21 Felix Burt , Kuan-Cheng Chen , Kin K. Leung