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Clinical natural language processing requires methods that can address domain-specific challenges, such as complex medical terminology and clinical contexts. Recently, large language models (LLMs) have shown promise in this domain. Yet,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Ran Xu , Hejie Cui , Yue Yu , Xuan Kan , Wenqi Shi , Yuchen Zhuang , Wei Jin , Joyce Ho , Carl Yang

Knowledge tracing (KT) is a popular approach for modeling students' learning progress over time, which can enable more personalized and adaptive learning. However, existing KT approaches face two major limitations: (1) they rely heavily on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Yilmazcan Ozyurt , Stefan Feuerriegel , Mrinmaya Sachan

Large language models (LLMs) have the remarkable ability to solve new tasks with just a few examples, but they need access to the right tools. Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) addresses this problem by retrieving a list of relevant…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-12-12 Raviteja Anantha , Tharun Bethi , Danil Vodianik , Srinivas Chappidi

Large Language Models (LLMs) have greatly contributed to the development of adaptive intelligent agents and are positioned as an important way to achieve Artificial General Intelligence (AGI). However, LLMs are prone to produce factually…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-29 Weijian Xie , Xuefeng Liang , Yuhui Liu , Kaihua Ni , Hong Cheng , Zetian Hu

Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle with knowledge-intensive tasks due to hallucinations and fragmented reasoning over dispersed information. While Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) grounds generation in external sources, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Cheng-Yen Li , Xuanjun Chen , Claire Lin , Wei-Yu Chen , Wenhua Nie , Hung-Yi Lee , Jyh-Shing Roger Jang

Large language models (LLMs) have greatly improved their capability in performing NLP tasks. However, deeper semantic understanding, contextual coherence, and more subtle reasoning are still difficult to obtain. The paper discusses…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-05 Mohanakrishnan Hariharan

Current knowledge-enhanced large language models (LLMs) rely on static, pre-constructed knowledge bases that suffer from coverage gaps and temporal obsolescence, limiting their effectiveness in dynamic information environments. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-13 Jing Li , Zhijie Sun , Zhicheng Zhou , Suming Qiu , Junjie Huang , Haijia Sun , Linyuan Qiu

Supervised fine-tuning (SFT) is a common approach to improve the domain-specific question-answering (QA) performance of large language models (LLMs). However, recent literature reveals that due to the conflicts between LLMs' internal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-29 Qihuang Zhong , Liang Ding , Xiantao Cai , Juhua Liu , Bo Du , Dacheng Tao

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) mitigates hallucination in Large Language Models (LLMs) by incorporating external data, with Knowledge Graphs (KGs) offering crucial information for question answering. Traditional Knowledge Graph…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Yushi Sun , Kai Sun , Yifan Ethan Xu , Xiao Yang , Xin Luna Dong , Nan Tang , Lei Chen

With the advent of pretrained language models (LMs), increasing research efforts have been focusing on infusing commonsense and domain-specific knowledge to prepare LMs for downstream tasks. These works attempt to leverage knowledge graphs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-16 Shangbin Feng , Zhaoxuan Tan , Wenqian Zhang , Zhenyu Lei , Yulia Tsvetkov

In enterprise settings, efficiently retrieving relevant information from large and complex knowledge bases is essential for operational productivity and informed decision-making. This research presents a systematic empirical framework for…

Retrieval Augmented Generation (RAG) systems often struggle with domain-specific knowledge due to performance deterioration of pre-trained embeddings and prohibitive computational costs of large language model (LLM)-based retrievers. While…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yao Zhao , Yantian Ding , Zhiyue Zhang , Dapeng Yao , Yanxun Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) are powerful but prone to hallucinations due to static knowledge. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) helps by injecting external information, but current methods often are costly, generalize poorly, or ignore…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Huatong Song , Jinhao Jiang , Wenqing Tian , Zhipeng Chen , Yuhuan Wu , Jiahao Zhao , Yingqian Min , Wayne Xin Zhao , Lei Fang , Ji-Rong Wen

Large Language Models (LLMs) are adept at generating responses based on information within their context. While this ability is useful for interacting with structured data like code files, another popular method, Retrieval-Augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-22 Mihir Gupte , Paolo Giusto , Ramesh S

With context windows of millions of tokens, Long-Context Language Models (LCLMs) can encode entire document collections, offering a strong alternative to conventional retrieval-augmented generation (RAG). However, it remains unclear whether…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Francesco Maria Molfese , Momchil Hardalov , Rexhina Blloshmi , Bill Byrne , Adrià de Gispert

Despite many advances in knowledge engineering (KE), challenges remain in areas such as engineering knowledge graphs (KGs) at scale, keeping up with evolving domain knowledge, multilingualism, and multimodality. Recently, KE has used LLMs…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Elisavet Koutsiana , Johanna Walker , Michelle Nwachukwu , Bohui Zhang , Albert Meroño-Peñuela , Elena Simperl

Large Language Models (LLMs) exhibit substantial capabilities yet encounter challenges, including hallucination, outdated knowledge, and untraceable reasoning processes. Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has emerged as a promising…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Feiteng Fang , Yuelin Bai , Shiwen Ni , Min Yang , Xiaojun Chen , Ruifeng Xu

Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) shows impressive performance by supplementing and substituting parametric knowledge in Large Language Models (LLMs). Retrieved knowledge can be divided into three types: explicit answer evidence,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-05 Zhichao Yan , Jiapu Wang , Jiaoyan Chen , Yanyan Wang , Hongye Tan , Jiye Liang , Xiaoli Li , Ru Li , Jeff Z. Pan

The efficiency of large language models (LLMs) remains a critical challenge, particularly in contexts where computational resources are limited. Traditional attention mechanisms in these models, while powerful, require significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-19 Bingli Liao , Danilo Vasconcellos Vargas

Large Language Models (LLMs) showcase impressive capabilities but encounter challenges like hallucination, outdated knowledge, and non-transparent, untraceable reasoning processes. Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) has emerged as a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-28 Yunfan Gao , Yun Xiong , Xinyu Gao , Kangxiang Jia , Jinliu Pan , Yuxi Bi , Yi Dai , Jiawei Sun , Meng Wang , Haofen Wang
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