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We discuss how to define a kernel for Signal Temporal Logic (STL) formulae. Such a kernel allows us to embed the space of formulae into a Hilbert space, and opens up the use of kernel-based machine learning algorithms in the context of STL.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-09-14 Luca Bortolussi , Giuseppe Maria Gallo , Laura Nenzi

One of the goals of neuro-symbolic artificial intelligence is to exploit background knowledge to improve the performance of learning tasks. However, most of the existing frameworks focus on the simplified scenario where knowledge does not…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-09 Luca Salvatore Lorello , Marco Lippi , Stefano Melacci

Within the field of complicated multivariate time series forecasting (TSF), popular techniques frequently rely on intricate deep learning architectures, ranging from transformer-based designs to recurrent neural networks. However, recent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-25 Aiyinsi Zuo , Haixi Zhang , Zirui Li , Ce Zheng

Differentiable logic networks (DLNs) have shown promising results in tabular domains by combining accuracy, interpretability, and computational efficiency. In this work, we apply DLNs to the domain of TSC for the first time, focusing on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Chang Yue , Niraj K. Jha

The integration of cyber-physical systems (CPS) into everyday life raises the critical necessity of ensuring their safety and reliability. An important step in this direction is requirement mining, i.e. inferring formally specified system…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Gaia Saveri , Luca Bortolussi

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly deployed as autonomous agents capable of reasoning, planning, and acting within interactive environments. Despite their growing capability to perform multi-step reasoning and decision-making…

Deep reinforcement learning (DRL), through learning policies or values represented by neural networks, has successfully addressed many complex control problems. However, the neural networks introduced by DRL lack interpretability and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-04 Zeyu Jiang , Hai Huang , Xingquan Zuo

Conventional time series classification approaches based on bags of patterns or shapelets face significant challenges in dealing with a vast amount of feature candidates from high-dimensional multivariate data. In contrast, deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Raneen Younis , Abdul Hakmeh , Zahra Ahmadi

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) provides a powerful framework to describe complex tasks involving temporal and logical behavior in dynamical systems. This work addresses controller synthesis for continuous-time systems subject to STL…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-18 Vaishnavi Jagabathula , Pushpak Jagtap

Many autonomous systems, such as robots and self-driving cars, involve real-time decision making in complex environments, and require prediction of future outcomes from limited data. Moreover, their decisions are increasingly required to be…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-05-26 Erfan Aasi , Cristian Ioan Vasile , Mahroo Bahreinian , Calin Belta

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) is a powerful framework for describing the complex temporal and logical behaviour of the dynamical system. Numerous studies have attempted to employ reinforcement learning to learn a controller that enforces STL…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-05 Naman Saxena , Gorantla Sandeep , Pushpak Jagtap

Black-box deep neural networks excel in text classification, yet their application in high-stakes domains is hindered by their lack of interpretability. To address this, we propose Text Bottleneck Models (TBM), an intrinsically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Josh Magnus Ludan , Qing Lyu , Yue Yang , Liam Dugan , Mark Yatskar , Chris Callison-Burch

Longitudinal passive sensing enables continuous health prediction, yet models often fail under cross-dataset distribution shifts. Traditional ML overfits cohort-specific artifacts, while Large Language Models (LLMs) struggle to reason…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yuang Fan , Lilin Xu , Millie Wu , Jingping Nie , Qingyu Chen , Yuzhe Yang , Zhuo Zhang , Xin Liu , Subigya Nepal , Xiaofan Jiang , Xuhai "Orson" Xu

Time-series representation learning is a fundamental task for time-series analysis. While significant progress has been made to achieve accurate representations for downstream applications, the learned representations often lack…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-24 Yuening Li , Zhengzhang Chen , Daochen Zha , Mengnan Du , Denghui Zhang , Haifeng Chen , Xia Hu

Conventional Time Series Classification (TSC) methods are often black boxes that obscure inherent interpretation of their decision-making processes. In this work, we leverage Multiple Instance Learning (MIL) to overcome this issue, and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-19 Joseph Early , Gavin KC Cheung , Kurt Cutajar , Hanting Xie , Jas Kandola , Niall Twomey

Driven by the increasingly complex and decision-oriented demands of time series analysis, we introduce the Semantic-Conditional Time Series Reasoning task, which extends conventional time series analysis beyond purely numerical modeling to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Haotian Si , Changhua Pei , Xiao He , Zeyan Li , Zhe Xie , Zexin Wang , Jiyao Hu , Zhaoyang Yu , Tieying Zhang , Dan Pei , Jianhui Li , Gaogang Xie

Automated medical report generation in spine radiology, i.e., given spinal medical images and directly create radiologist-level diagnosis reports to support clinical decision making, is a novel yet fundamental study in the domain of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Zhongyi Han , Benzheng Wei , Yilong Yin , Shuo Li

Imitation learning methods have demonstrated considerable success in teaching autonomous systems complex tasks through expert demonstrations. However, a limitation of these methods is their lack of interpretability, particularly in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-21 Wenliang Liu , Danyang Li , Erfan Aasi , Daniela Rus , Roberto Tron , Calin Belta

We present a framework to synthesize control policies for nonlinear dynamical systems from complex temporal constraints specified in a rich temporal logic called Signal Temporal Logic (STL). We propose a novel smooth and differentiable STL…

Systems and Control · Computer Science 2019-04-29 Iman Haghighi , Noushin Mehdipour , Ezio Bartocci , Calin Belta

Signal Temporal Logic (STL) offers a concise yet expressive framework for specifying and reasoning about spatio-temporal behaviors of robotic systems. Attractively, STL admits the notion of robustness, the degree to which an input signal…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Parv Kapoor , Kazuki Mizuta , Eunsuk Kang , Karen Leung