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Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents have rapidly evolved from specialized, rule-based programs to versatile, learning-driven autonomous systems capable of perception, reasoning, and action in complex environments. The explosion of data,…

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, the proliferation of autonomous agents has introduced new challenges in interoperability, scalability, and coordination. The Internet of Agents (IoA) aims to interconnect heterogeneous…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Jun Liu , Ke Yu , Keliang Chen , Ke Li , Yuxinyue Qian , Xiaolian Guo , Haozhe Song , Yinming Li

Large language models and autonomous AI agents have evolved rapidly, resulting in a diverse array of evaluation benchmarks, frameworks, and collaboration protocols. Driven by the growing need for standardized evaluation and integration, we…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Mohamed Amine Ferrag , Norbert Tihanyi , Merouane Debbah

Advances in large language models have enabled agentic AI systems that can reason, plan, and interact with external tools to execute multi-step workflows, while public blockchains have evolved into a programmable substrate for value…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-09 Saad Alqithami

The convergence of Web3 technologies and AI agents represents a rapidly evolving frontier poised to reshape decentralized ecosystems. This paper presents the first and most comprehensive analysis of the intersection between Web3 and AI…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Yiming Shen , Jiashuo Zhang , Zhenzhe Shao , Wenxuan Luo , Yanlin Wang , Ting Chen , Zibin Zheng , Jiachi Chen

The rapid deployment of autonomous AI agents creates urgent challenges around authorization, accountability, and access control in digital spaces. New standards are needed to know whom AI agents act on behalf of and guide their use…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Tobin South , Samuele Marro , Thomas Hardjono , Robert Mahari , Cedric Deslandes Whitney , Dazza Greenwood , Alan Chan , Alex Pentland

AI agents are now running real transactions, workflows, and sub-agent chains across organizational boundaries without continuous human supervision. This creates a problem no current infrastructure is equipped to solve: how do you identify,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Takumi Otsuka , Kentaroh Toyoda , Alex Leung

Enterprise adoption of cloud-based AI agents faces a fundamental privacy dilemma: leveraging powerful cloud models requires sharing sensitive data, while local processing limits capability. Current agent frameworks like MCP and A2A assume…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jianshu She

Agentic AI is transforming security by automating many tasks being performed manually. While initial agentic approaches employed a monolithic architecture, the Model-Context-Protocol has now enabled a remote-procedure call (RPC) paradigm to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Zachary Ezetta , Wu-chang Feng

The rise of large model-based AI agents has spurred interest in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) for their capabilities in decision-making, collaboration, and adaptability. While the Model Context Protocol (MCP) addresses tool invocation and data…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Yuhan Zhu , Haojie Liu , Jian Wang , Bing Li , Zikang Yin , Yefei Liao

Realizing Level 4/5 Autonomous Networks (AN) demands a shift from static automation to agent-native intelligence. Current operations, reliant on rigid scripts, lack the cognitive agency to handle off-nominal conditions. To address this,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Binghan Wu , Shoufeng Wang , Yunxin Liu , Ya-Qin Zhang , Joseph Sifakis , Ye Ouyang

Agentic systems deployed across the compute continuum need discovery mechanisms that remain effective across cloud, edge, and intermittently connected domains. In some emerging agentic architectures, decentralized discovery is already an…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-13 Patrizio Dazzi , Emanuele Carlini , Matteo Mordacchini , Saul Urso

Traditional Identity and Access Management (IAM) systems, primarily designed for human users or static machine identities via protocols such as OAuth, OpenID Connect (OIDC), and SAML, prove fundamentally inadequate for the dynamic,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Ken Huang , Vineeth Sai Narajala , John Yeoh , Jason Ross , Ramesh Raskar , Youssef Harkati , Jerry Huang , Idan Habler , Chris Hughes

This article, a lightly adapted version of Perplexity's response to NIST/CAISI Request for Information 2025-0035, details our observations and recommendations concerning the security of frontier AI agents. These insights are informed by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Ninghui Li , Kaiyuan Zhang , Kyle Polley , Jerry Ma

The Model Context Protocol (MCP), introduced by Anthropic in November 2024 and now governed by the Linux Foundation's Agentic AI Foundation, has rapidly become the de facto standard for connecting large language model (LLM)-based agents to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Nirajan Acharya , Gaurav Kumar Gupta

With the rapid growth of intelligent services, communication targets are shifting from humans to artificial intelligent (AI) agents, which require new paradigms to enable real-time perception, decision-making, and collaboration. Semantic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-02 Kaiwen Yu , Mengying Sun , Zhijin Qin , Xiaodong Xu , Ping Yang , Yue Xiao , Gang Wu

Autonomous Artificial Intelligence (AI) agents, powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), advance rapidly toward interconnected systems -- an Internet of Agents (IoA). This vision enables complex problem-solving while introducing systemic…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Juan A. Wibowo , George C. Polyzos

With the rise of large language and vision-language models, AI agents have evolved into autonomous, interactive systems capable of perception, reasoning, and decision-making. As they proliferate across virtual and physical domains, the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Yuntao Wang , Yanghe Pan , Shaolong Guo , Zhou Su

The ongoing shift of AI models from centralized cloud APIs to local AI agents on edge devices is enabling \textit{Client-Side Autonomous Agents (CSAAs)} -- persistent personal agents that can plan, access local context, and invoke tools on…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Taotao Wang , Lizhao You , Jingwen Tong , Chonghe Zhao , Shengli Zhang

As generative AI (GenAI) agents become more common in enterprise settings, they introduce security challenges that differ significantly from those posed by traditional systems. These agents are not just LLMs; they reason, remember, and act,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-06 Vineeth Sai Narajala , Om Narayan