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In the progress of industrial anomaly detection, general anomaly detection (GAD) is an emerging trend and also the ultimate goal. Unlike the conventional single- and multi-class AD, general AD aims to train a general AD model that can…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xincheng Yao , Zefeng Qian , Chao Shi , Jiayang Song , Chongyang Zhang

In the field of industrial inspection, Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have a high potential to renew the paradigms in practical applications due to their robust language capabilities and generalization abilities. However, despite…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-24 Xi Jiang , Jian Li , Hanqiu Deng , Yong Liu , Bin-Bin Gao , Yifeng Zhou , Jialin Li , Chengjie Wang , Feng Zheng

Anomaly detection is vital in various industrial scenarios, including the identification of unusual patterns in production lines and the detection of manufacturing defects for quality control. Existing techniques tend to be specialized in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-21 Xiaohao Xu , Yunkang Cao , Huaxin Zhang , Nong Sang , Xiaonan Huang

Large vision-language models (LVLMs) are markedly proficient in deriving visual representations guided by natural language. Recent explorations have utilized LVLMs to tackle zero-shot visual anomaly detection (VAD) challenges by pairing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Jiaqi Zhu , Shaofeng Cai , Fang Deng , Beng Chin Ooi , Junran Wu

While Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have shown promising progress in general multimodal tasks, they often struggle in industrial anomaly detection and reasoning, particularly in delivering interpretable explanations and generalizing to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Guoxin Zang , Xue Li , Donglin Di , Lanshun Nie , Dechen Zhan , Yang Song , Lei Fan

Large Vision-Language Models (LVLMs) have shown significant progress in video understanding, yet they face substantial challenges in tasks requiring precise spatiotemporal localization at the instance level. Existing methods primarily rely…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-18 Yiming Zhao , Yu Zeng , Wenxuan Huang , Zhen Fang , Qing Miao , Qisheng Su , Jiawei Zhao , Jiayin Cai , Lin Chen , Zehui Chen , Yukun Qi , Yao Hu , Xiaolong Jiang , Feng Zhao

The robust causal capability of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) hold the potential of detecting defective objects in Industrial Anomaly Detection (IAD). However, most traditional IAD methods lack the ability to provide multi-turn…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-21 Zewen Li , Zitong Yu , Qilang Ye , Weicheng Xie , Wei Zhuo , Linlin Shen

Industrial Anomaly Detection (IAD) is critical for ensuring product quality by identifying defects. Traditional methods such as feature embedding and reconstruction-based approaches require large datasets and struggle with scalability.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Peijian Zeng , Feiyan Pang , Zhanbo Wang , Aimin Yang

Recent progress in reasoning capabilities of Multimodal Large Language Models(MLLMs) has highlighted their potential for performing complex video understanding tasks. However, in the domain of Video Anomaly Detection and Understanding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Chao Huang , Benfeng Wang , Wei Wang , Jie Wen , Li Shen , Wenqi Ren , Yong Xu , Xiaochun Cao

Intelligent anomaly detection in dynamic visual environments requires reconciling real-time performance with semantic interpretability. Conventional approaches address only fragments of this challenge. Reconstruction-based models capture…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Tayyab Rehman , Giovanni De Gasperis , Aly Shmahell

Anomaly detection in complex industrial environments poses unique challenges, particularly in contexts characterized by data sparsity and evolving operational conditions. Predictive maintenance (PdM) in such settings demands methodologies…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Alicia Russell-Gilbert , Sudip Mittal , Shahram Rahimi , Maria Seale , Joseph Jabour , Thomas Arnold , Joshua Church

Anomaly detection is valuable for real-world applications, such as industrial quality inspection. However, most approaches focus on detecting local structural anomalies while neglecting compositional anomalies incorporating logical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jinjin Zhang , Guodong Wang , Yizhou Jin , Di Huang

Accurate visual understanding is imperative for advancing autonomous systems and intelligent robots. Despite the powerful capabilities of vision-language models (VLMs) in processing complex visual scenes, precisely recognizing obscured or…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-06-03 Huaxiang Zhang , Yaojia Mu , Guo-Niu Zhu , Zhongxue Gan

Retrieving rare and safety-critical driving scenarios from large-scale datasets is essential for building robust autonomous driving (AD) systems. As dataset sizes continue to grow, the key challenge shifts from collecting more data to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Felix Embacher , Jonas Uhrig , Marius Cordts , Markus Enzweiler

When humans face problems beyond their immediate capabilities, they rely on tools, providing a promising paradigm for improving visual reasoning in multimodal large language models (MLLMs). Effective reasoning, therefore, hinges on knowing…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-29 Mingyang Song , Haoyu Sun , Jiawei Gu , Linjie Li , Luxin Xu , Ranjay Krishna , Yu Cheng

Visual anomaly detection aims to identify anomalous regions in images through unsupervised learning paradigms, with increasing application demand and value in fields such as industrial inspection and medical lesion detection. Despite…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jiangning Zhang , Haoyang He , Zhenye Gan , Qingdong He , Yuxuan Cai , Zhucun Xue , Yabiao Wang , Chengjie Wang , Lei Xie , Yong Liu

Semantic segmentation networks have achieved significant success under the assumption of independent and identically distributed data. However, these networks often struggle to detect anomalies from unknown semantic classes due to the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-09-27 Liangyu Zhong , Joachim Sicking , Fabian Hüger , Hanno Gottschalk

Time series anomaly detection (TSAD) is essential for ensuring the safety and reliability of aerospace software systems. Although large language models (LLMs) provide a promising training-free alternative to unsupervised approaches, their…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-30 Yang Liu , Yixing Luo , Xiaofeng Li , Xiaogang Dong , Bin Gu , Zhi Jin

Recent advances in Vision-Language Models (VLMs) have achieved impressive performance across many tasks, yet prior studies report unsatisfactory performance when applying large language or multimodal models to finding abnormal patterns in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Xiaona Zhou , Muntasir Wahed , Tianjiao Yu , Constantin Brif , Ismini Lourentzou

Visual reasoning refers to the task of solving questions about visual information. Current visual reasoning methods typically employ pre-trained vision-language model (VLM) strategies or deep neural network approaches. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Chao Wang , Chunbai Zhang , Yongxiao Tian , Yang Zhou , Yan Peng