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In this study, we address one of the challenges of developing NER models for scholarly domains, namely the scarcity of suitable labeled data. We experiment with an approach using predictions from a fine-tuned LLM model to aid non-domain…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Julia Evans , Sameer Sadruddin , Jennifer D'Souza

Human-annotated preference data play an important role in aligning large language models (LLMs). In this paper, we study two connected questions: how to monitor the quality of human preference annotators and how to incentivize them to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-08 Shang Liu , Hanzhao Wang , Zhongyao Ma , Xiaocheng Li

Public Narratives (PNs) are key tools for leadership development and civic mobilization, yet their systematic analysis remains challenging due to their subjective interpretation and the high cost of expert annotation. In this work, we…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-18 Elinor Poole-Dayan , Daniel T Kessler , Hannah Chiou , Margaret Hughes , Emily S Lin , Marshall Ganz , Deb Roy

The Learning With Disagreements (LeWiDi) 2025 shared task aims to model annotator disagreement through soft label distribution prediction and perspectivist evaluation, which focuses on modeling individual annotators. We adapt DisCo…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Mandira Sawkar , Samay U. Shetty , Deepak Pandita , Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Christopher M. Homan

Large language models (LLMs) have shown remarkable promise in simulating human language and behavior. This study investigates how integrating persona variables-demographic, social, and behavioral factors-impacts LLMs' ability to simulate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Tiancheng Hu , Nigel Collier

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown impressive abilities in data annotation, opening the way for new approaches to solve classic NLP problems. In this paper, we show how to use LLMs to create NuNER, a compact language representation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-26 Sergei Bogdanov , Alexandre Constantin , Timothée Bernard , Benoit Crabbé , Etienne Bernard

The focus of this paper is to address the knowledge acquisition bottleneck for Named Entity Recognition (NER) of mutations, by analysing different approaches to build manually-annotated data. We address first the impact of using a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-20 David Martinez Iraola , Antonio Jimeno Yepes

Domain-specific adaptation is critical to maximizing the performance of pre-trained language models (PLMs) on one or multiple targeted tasks, especially under resource-constrained use cases, such as edge devices. However, existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Peter Schafhalter , Shun Liao , Yanqi Zhou , Chih-Kuan Yeh , Arun Kandoor , James Laudon

Multilevel data are prevalent in many real-world applications. However, it remains an open research problem to identify and justify a class of models that flexibly capture a wide range of multilevel data. Motivated by the versatility of the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-03 Tsz Chai Fung , Spark C. Tseung

Event annotation is important for identifying market changes, monitoring breaking news, and understanding sociological trends. Although expert annotators set the gold standards, human coding is expensive and inefficient. Unlike information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Feng Gu , Zongxia Li , Carlos Rafael Colon , Benjamin Evans , Ishani Mondal , Jordan Lee Boyd-Graber

Empowering Large Multimodal Models (LMMs) with image generation often leads to catastrophic forgetting in understanding tasks due to severe gradient conflicts. While existing paradigms like Mixture-of-Transformers (MoT) mitigate this…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Xiangyue Liu , Zijian Zhang , Miles Yang , Zhao Zhong , Liefeng Bo , Ping Tan

Recent frontier large language models predominantly rely on Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architectures. Despite empirical progress, there is still no principled understanding of how hyperparameters should scale with network width $N$, expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Leena Chennuru Vankadara , Moritz Haas , Luke Hayward , Sebastian Bordt , Alessandro Breccia

Despite growing interest in using large language models (LLMs) to automate annotation, their effectiveness in complex, nuanced, and multi-dimensional labelling tasks remains relatively underexplored. This study focuses on annotation for the…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-07-02 Leila Tavakoli , Hamed Zamani

Data annotated by humans is a source of knowledge by describing the peculiarities of the problem and therefore fueling the decision process of the trained model. Unfortunately, the annotation process for subjective natural language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-14 Kamil Kanclerz , Julita Bielaniewicz , Marcin Gruza , Jan Kocon , Stanisław Woźniak , Przemysław Kazienko

The Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) architecture enables a significant increase in the total number of model parameters with minimal computational overhead. However, it is not clear what performance tradeoffs, if any, exist between MoEs and…

Mixture-of-Experts (MoE) models provide a structured approach to combining specialized neural networks and offer greater interpretability than conventional ensembles. While MoEs have been successfully applied to image classification and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Svetlana Pavlitska , Malte Stüven , Beyza Keskin , J. Marius Zöllner

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized the role of AI, yet pose potential social risks. To steer LLMs towards human preference, alignment technologies have been introduced and gained increasing attention. Nevertheless, existing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Shitong Duan , Xiaoyuan Yi , Peng Zhang , Yan Liu , Zheng Liu , Tun Lu , Xing Xie , Ning Gu

Supervised machine learning often requires human-annotated data. While annotator disagreement is typically interpreted as evidence of noise, population-level label distribution learning (PLDL) treats the collection of annotations for each…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Tharindu Cyril Weerasooriya , Tong Liu , Christopher M. Homan

Graph neural networks excel at graph representation learning but struggle with heterophilous data and long-range dependencies. And graph transformers address these issues through self-attention, yet face scalability and noise challenges on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Xuanze Chen , Jiajun Zhou , Shanqing Yu , Qi Xuan

Scaling up the number of parameters of language models has proven to be an effective approach to improve performance. For dense models, increasing model size proportionally increases the model's computation footprint. In this work, we seek…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Cicero Nogueira dos Santos , James Lee-Thorp , Isaac Noble , Chung-Ching Chang , David Uthus
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