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Wastewater-based genomic surveillance has emerged as a powerful tool for population-level viral monitoring, offering comprehensive insights into circulating viral variants across entire communities. However, this approach faces significant…
Envelope models provide a sufficient dimension reduction framework for multivariate regression analysis. Bayesian inference for these models has been developed primarily using Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) methods. Specifically, Gibbs…
Stagnant weather condition is one of the major contributors to air pollution as it is favorable for the formation and accumulation of pollutants. To measure the atmosphere's ability to dilute air pollutants, Air Stagnation Index (ASI) has…
The advance of Large Language Models (LLMs) has greatly stimulated research interest in developing multi-modal LLM (MLLM)-based visual anomaly detection (VAD) algorithms that can be deployed in complex environments. The challenge is that in…
The variational autoencoder (VAE) is a popular, deep, latent-variable model (DLVM) due to its simple yet effective formulation for modeling the data distribution. Moreover, optimizing the VAE objective function is more manageable than other…
We present a new flavor of Variational Autoencoder (VAE) that interpolates seamlessly between unsupervised, semi-supervised and fully supervised learning domains. We show that unlabeled datapoints not only boost unsupervised tasks, but also…
Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are cyber-physical systems whose attack surface spans networked avionics and on-board sensor fusion: a compromised GPS or battery module can mimic a benign mission segment and evade naive anomaly detectors.…
The monitoring of water quality is a crucial part of environmental protection, and a large number of monitors are widely deployed to monitor water quality. Due to unavoidable factors such as data acquisition breakdowns, sensors and…
The development of low-cost sensors and novel calibration algorithms offer new opportunities to supplement existing regulatory networks to measure air pollutants at a high spatial resolution and at hourly and sub-hourly timescales. We use a…
We introduce PM25Vision (PM25V), the largest and most comprehensive dataset to date for estimating air quality - specifically PM2.5 concentrations - from street-level images. The dataset contains over 11,114 images matched with timestamped…
Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is often constrained by the computational costs of processing massive datasets. We propose \textbf{QLESS} (Quantized Low-rank Gradient Similarity Search), which integrates gradient quantization with…
The secret key rate of a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system is limited by excess noise. A key issue typical to all modern CV-QKD systems implemented with a reference or pilot signal and an independent local…
- Background / Introduction: Driver drowsiness is a significant concern and one of the leading causes of traffic accidents. Advances in cognitive neuroscience and computer science have enabled the detection of drivers' drowsiness using…
Urban air pollution is a public health challenge in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs). However, LMICs lack adequate air quality (AQ) monitoring infrastructure. A persistent challenge has been our inability to estimate AQ accurately…
Reliable state estimation hinges on accurate specification of sensor noise covariances, which weigh heterogeneous measurements. In practice, these covariances are difficult to identify due to environmental variability, front-end…
We present an approach to identify a quasi Linear Parameter Varying (qLPV) model of a plant, with the qLPV model guaranteed to admit a robust control invariant (RCI) set. It builds upon the concurrent synthesis framework presented in [1],…
Remote sensing change detection is used in urban planning, terrain analysis, and environmental monitoring by analyzing feature changes in the same area over time. In this paper, we propose a large language model (LLM) augmented inference…
The rise of AI-powered classification techniques has ushered in a new era for data-driven Fault Detection and Diagnosis in smart building systems. While extensive research has championed supervised FDD approaches, the real-world application…
Nitrogen dioxide (NO$_2$) is a primary atmospheric pollutant and a significant contributor to respiratory morbidity and urban climate-related challenges. While satellite platforms like Sentinel-2 provide global coverage, their native…
We present a general system identification procedure capable of estimating of a broad spectrum of state-space dynamical models, including linear time-invariant (LTI), linear parameter-varying} (LPV), and nonlinear (NL) dynamics, along with…