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As AI agents evolve, the community is rapidly shifting from single Large Language Models (LLMs) to Multi-Agent Systems (MAS) to overcome cognitive bottlenecks in automated research. However, the optimal multi-agent coordination framework…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Yang Shen , Zhenyi Yi , Ziyi Zhao , Lijun Sun , Dongyang Li , Chin-Teng Lin , Yuhui Shi

With recent advances in Large Language Models (LLMs), Agentic AI has become phenomenal in real-world applications, moving toward multiple LLM-based agents to perceive, learn, reason, and act collaboratively. These LLM-based Multi-Agent…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-14 Khanh-Tung Tran , Dung Dao , Minh-Duong Nguyen , Quoc-Viet Pham , Barry O'Sullivan , Hoang D. Nguyen

Large language models (LLMs) have exhibited remarkable capabilities across diverse open-domain tasks, yet their application in specialized domains such as civil engineering remains largely unexplored. This paper starts bridging this gap by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Jiachen Liu , Ziheng Geng , Ran Cao , Lu Cheng , Paolo Bocchini , Minghui Cheng

Recent advancements in Large Language Models (LLMs) have led to the development of intelligent LLM-based agents capable of interacting with graphical user interfaces (GUIs). These agents demonstrate strong reasoning and adaptability,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Wenjia Jiang , Yangyang Zhuang , Chenxi Song , Xu Yang , Joey Tianyi Zhou , Chi Zhang

Large Language Models (LLMs) have recently demonstrated impressive capabilities across various real-world applications. However, due to the current text-in-text-out paradigm, it remains challenging for LLMs to handle dynamic and complex…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Timothy Wei , Annabelle Miin , Anastasia Miin

In transportation system demand modeling and simulation, agent-based models and microsimulations are current state-of-the-art approaches. However, existing agent-based models still have some limitations on behavioral realism and resource…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Tianming Liu , Jirong Yang , Yafeng Yin

The integration of Large Language Models (LLMs) into software engineering has driven a transition from traditional rule-based systems to autonomous agentic systems capable of solving complex problems. However, systematic progress is…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jiale Guo , Suizhi Huang , Mei Li , Dong Huang , Xingsheng Chen , Regina Zhang , Zhijiang Guo , Han Yu , Siu-Ming Yiu , Pietro Lio , Kwok-Yan Lam

Large Language Model (LLM) agents, acting on their users' behalf to manipulate and analyze data, are likely to become the dominant workload for data systems in the future. When working with data, agents employ a high-throughput process of…

The emergence of large language model (LLM)-based agents has significantly advanced the development of autonomous machine learning (ML) engineering. However, the dominant prompt-based paradigm exhibits limitations: smaller models lack the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-04 Zexi Liu , Jingyi Chai , Xinyu Zhu , Shuo Tang , Rui Ye , Bo Zhang , Lei Bai , Siheng Chen

With the advancement of web techniques, they have significantly revolutionized various aspects of people's lives. Despite the importance of the web, many tasks performed on it are repetitive and time-consuming, negatively impacting overall…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-08-06 Liangbo Ning , Ziran Liang , Zhuohang Jiang , Haohao Qu , Yujuan Ding , Wenqi Fan , Xiao-yong Wei , Shanru Lin , Hui Liu , Philip S. Yu , Qing Li

As large language models (LLMs) evolve into autonomous agents that execute long-horizon workflows, invoking a high-capability model at every step becomes economically unsustainable. While model routing is effective for single-turn queries,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Caiqi Zhang , Menglin Xia , Xuchao Zhang , Daniel Madrigal , Ankur Mallick , Samuel Kessler , Victor Ruehle , Saravan Rajmohan

Context. The problem of comparative evaluation of communication protocols for task orchestration by large language model (LLM) agents is considered. The object of study is the process of interaction between LLM agents and external tools, as…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Ivan Dobrovolskyi

In recent years, data science agents powered by Large Language Models (LLMs), known as "data agents," have shown significant potential to transform the traditional data analysis paradigm. This survey provides an overview of the evolution,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Maojun Sun , Ruijian Han , Binyan Jiang , Houduo Qi , Defeng Sun , Yancheng Yuan , Jian Huang

While multi-agent systems (MAS) have demonstrated superior performance over single-agent approaches in complex reasoning tasks, they often suffer from significant computational inefficiencies. Existing frameworks typically deploy large…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Jingbo Wang , Sendong Zhao , Jiatong Liu , Haochun Wang , Wanting Li , Bing Qin , Ting Liu

Large language models hold considerable promise for various applications, but their computational requirements create a barrier that many institutions cannot overcome. A single session using a 70-billion-parameter model can cost around $127…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Zuhair Ahmed Khan Taha , Mohammed Mudassir Uddin , Shahnawaz Alam

Large Language Model (LLM)-based autonomous agents are expected to play a vital role in the evolution of 6G networks, by empowering real-time decision-making related to management and service provisioning to end-users. This shift…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-04 Ilias Chatzistefanidis , Navid Nikaein

This survey investigates how classical software design patterns can enhance the reliability and scalability of communication in Large Language Model (LLM)-driven agentic AI systems, focusing particularly on the Model Context Protocol (MCP).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Anjana Sarkar , Soumyendu Sarkar

Autonomous Graphical User Interface (GUI) agents powered by Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) enable digital automation on end-user devices. While scaling both parameters and data has yielded substantial gains, advanced methods still…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-16 Ziwei Wang , Junjie Zheng , Leyang Yang , Sheng Zhou , Xiaoxuan Tang , Zhouhua Fang , Zhiwei Liu , Dajun Chen , Yong Li , Jiajun Bu

This contribution provides our comprehensive reflection on the contemporary agent technology, with a particular focus on the advancements driven by Large Language Models (LLM) vs classic Multi-Agent Systems (MAS). It delves into the models,…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Costin Bădică , Amelia Bădică , Maria Ganzha , Mirjana Ivanović , Marcin Paprzycki , Dan Selişteanu , Zofia Wrona

Large Action Models (LAMs) for AI Agents offer incredible potential but face challenges due to the need for high-quality training data, especially for multi-steps tasks that involve planning, executing tool calls, and responding to…