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Membership Inference Attack (MIA) aims to determine whether a specific data sample was included in the training dataset of a target model. Traditional MIA approaches rely on shadow models to mimic target model behavior, but their…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-03-20 Li Cuihong , Huang Xiaowen , Yin Chuanhuan , Sang Jitao

Large language models (LLMs) are inherently vulnerable to unintended privacy breaches. Consequently, systematic red-teaming research is essential for developing robust defense mechanisms. However, current data extraction methods suffer from…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Zhiqiang Wang , Ruoxi Cheng

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback relies on reward models to align large language models with human preferences. However, RLHF often suffers from reward hacking, wherein policy learning exploits flaws in the trained reward model to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Kangwen Zhao , Jianfeng Cai , Jinhua Zhu , Ruopei Sun , Dongyun Xue , Wengang Zhou , Li Li , Houqiang Li

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) generate explicit reasoning traces alongside final answers, yet the extent to which these traces influence answer generation remains unclear. In this work, we conduct a three-stage investigation into the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Jue Zhang , Qingwei Lin , Saravan Rajmohan , Dongmei Zhang

Diffusion distillation, exemplified by Distribution Matching Distillation (DMD), has shown great promise in few-step generation but often sacrifices quality for sampling speed. While integrating Reinforcement Learning (RL) into distillation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-22 Linwei Dong , Ruoyu Guo , Ge Bai , Zehuan Yuan , Yawei Luo , Changqing Zou

Despite the success of Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) in aligning language models with human values, reward hacking-or reward over-optimization-remains a major challenge. We identify two key obstacles to its mitigation:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-16 Yuchun Miao , Liang Ding , Sen Zhang , Rong Bao , Lefei Zhang , Dacheng Tao

Reinforcement Learning from Human Feedback (RLHF) has become a crucial technology for aligning language models with human values and intentions, enabling models to produce more helpful and harmless responses. Reward models are trained as…

Over the past years, semantic segmentation, as many other tasks in computer vision, benefited from the progress in deep neural networks, resulting in significantly improved performance. However, deep architectures trained with…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-02 Guanglei Yang , Enrico Fini , Dan Xu , Paolo Rota , Mingli Ding , Hao Tang , Xavier Alameda-Pineda , Elisa Ricci

The alignment of Large Language Models (LLMs) for complex reasoning heavily relies on Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR). However, standard algorithms like GRPO apply sequence-level rewards uniformly to all tokens,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhenlin Wei , Pu Jian , Yingzhuo Deng , Xiaohan Wang , Jiajun Chai , Zhexin Hu , Wei Lin , Shanbin Zhang , Guojun Yin

While Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated significant promise as agents in interactive tasks, their substantial computational requirements and restricted number of calls constrain their practical utility, especially in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Maryam Hashemzadeh , Elias Stengel-Eskin , Sarath Chandar , Marc-Alexandre Cote

Aligning small language models (SLMs) with human values typically involves distilling preference knowledge from large language models (LLMs). However, existing distillation methods model preference knowledge in teacher LLMs by comparing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Yanggan Gu , Junzhuo Li , Sirui Huang , Xin Zou , Zhenghua Li , Xuming Hu

Knowledge Distillation (KD) is a widely-used technology to inherit information from cumbersome teacher models to compact student models, consequently realizing model compression and acceleration. Compared with image classification, object…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-10 Gang Li , Xiang Li , Yujie Wang , Shanshan Zhang , Yichao Wu , Ding Liang

Preference alignment in Large Language Models (LLMs) has significantly improved their ability to adhere to human instructions and intentions. However, existing direct alignment algorithms primarily focus on relative preferences and often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Shenao Zhang , Zhihan Liu , Boyi Liu , Yufeng Zhang , Yingxiang Yang , Yongfei Liu , Liyu Chen , Tao Sun , Zhaoran Wang

Traditional object detection are ill-equipped for incremental learning. However, fine-tuning directly on a well-trained detection model with only new data will leads to catastrophic forgetting. Knowledge distillation is a straightforward…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-27 Tao Feng , Mang Wang

Diffusion models excel at generating images conditioned on text prompts, but the resulting images often do not satisfy user-specific criteria measured by scalar rewards such as Aesthetic Scores. This alignment typically requires…

We generalize deep self-attention distillation in MiniLM (Wang et al., 2020) by only using self-attention relation distillation for task-agnostic compression of pretrained Transformers. In particular, we define multi-head self-attention…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-29 Wenhui Wang , Hangbo Bao , Shaohan Huang , Li Dong , Furu Wei

Distilling pretrained softmax attention Transformers into more efficient hybrid architectures that interleave softmax and linear attention layers is a promising approach for improving the inference efficiency of LLMs without requiring…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-24 Yanhong Li , Songlin Yang , Shawn Tan , Mayank Mishra , Rameswar Panda , Jiawei Zhou , Yoon Kim

Large language models have led to significant progress across many NLP tasks, although their massive sizes often incur substantial computational costs. Distillation has become a common practice to compress these large and highly capable…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Zishun Yu , Shangzhe Li , Xinhua Zhang

Knowledge distillation is a widely adopted technique for model lightening. However, the performance of most knowledge distillation methods in the domain of object detection is not satisfactory. Typically, knowledge distillation approaches…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Hai Su , ZhenWen Jian , Songsen Yu

The efficacy of multimodal learning in remote sensing (RS) is severely undermined by missing modalities. The challenge is exacerbated by the RS highly heterogeneous data and huge scale variation. Consequently, paradigms proven effective in…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Nhi Kieu , Kien Nguyen , Arnold Wiliem , Clinton Fookes , Sridha Sridharan