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Determining the most effective Large Language Model for code smell detection presents a complex challenge. This study introduces a structured methodology and evaluation matrix to tackle this issue, leveraging a curated dataset of code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Ahmed R. Sadik , Siddhata Govind

Nowadays, intelligent systems and services are getting increasingly popular as they provide data-driven solutions to diverse real-world problems, thanks to recent breakthroughs in Artificial Intelligence (AI) and Machine Learning (ML).…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Md Saidur Rahman , Foutse Khomh , Alaleh Hamidi , Jinghui Cheng , Giuliano Antoniol , Hironori Washizaki

The low cost and rapid provisioning capabilities have made open-source cloud a desirable platform to launch industrial applications. However, as open-source cloud moves towards maturity, it still suffers from quality issues like code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-07-25 Raj Narendra Shah , Sameer Ahmed Mohamed , Asif Imran , Tevfik Kosar

Context: Code smells (CS) tend to compromise software quality and also demand more effort by developers to maintain and evolve the application throughout its life-cycle. They have long been catalogued with corresponding mitigating solutions…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2023-03-07 José Pereira dos Reis , Fernando Brito e Abreu , Glauco de Figueiredo Carneiro , Craig Anslow

The learning and usage of an API is supported by official documentation. Like source code, API documentation is itself a software product. Several research results show that bad design in API documentation can make the reuse of API features…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-02-18 Junaed Younus Khan , Md. Tawkat Islam Khondaker , Gias Uddin , Anindya Iqbal

Automated code smell detection faces persistent challenges due to the subjectivity of heuristic rules and the limited performance of traditional ML/DL models. While Large Language Models (LLMs) offer a promising alternative, their adoption…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-30 Beiqi Zhang , Peng Liang , Xin Zhou , Xiyu Zhou , David Lo , Qiong Feng , Zengyang Li , Lin Li

Code smells are symptoms of poor design and implementation choices, which might hinder comprehension, increase code complexity and fault-proneness and decrease maintainability of software systems. The aim of our study was to perform a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-02 Peter Kokol , Marko Kokol , Sašo Zagoranski

Nowadays, most DL frameworks (DLFs) use multilingual programming of Python and C/C++, facilitating the flexibility and performance of the DLF. However, inappropriate interlanguage interaction may introduce design smells involving multiple…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Zengyang Li , Xiaoyong Zhang , Wenshuo Wang , Peng Liang , Ran Mo , Jie Tan , Hui Liu

Software clones have been an active area of research for the past two decades. However, although numerous clone detection tools are now available, only a small fraction of the literature has focused on tool evaluation, and this is in fact…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2015-03-03 Rachel Gauci

Code smells indicate software design problems that harm software quality. Data-intensive systems that frequently access databases often suffer from SQL code smells besides the traditional smells. While there have been extensive studies on…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-01-10 Biruk Asmare Muse , Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Csaba Nagy , Anthony Cleve , Foutse Khomh , Giuliano Antoniol

Code smells as symptoms of poor design and implementation choices. Many times they are the result of so called technical debt. Our study showed that the interest in code smells research is increasing. However, most of the publications are…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-02-19 Peter Kokol , Milan Zorman , Grega Zlahtic , Bojan Zlahtic

Context: Logging is an important part of modern software projects; logs are used in several tasks such as debugging and testing. Due to the complex nature of logging, it remains a difficult task with several pitfalls that could have serious…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Nyyti Saarimäki , Donghwan Shin , Domenico Bianculli

Background: Defect prediction in software can be highly beneficial for development projects, when prediction is highly effective and defect-prone areas are predicted correctly. One of the key elements to gain effective software defect…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2017-03-21 Jarosław Hryszko , Lech Madeyski , Marta Dąbrowska , Piotr Konopka

Research scientists increasingly rely on implementing software to support their research. While previous research has examined the impact of identifier names on program comprehension in traditional programming environments, limited work has…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Gunnar Larsen , Carol Wong , Anthony Peruma

This paper investigates code LLMs' capability of static analysis during code intelligence tasks such as code summarization and generation. Code LLMs are now household names for their abilities to do some programming tasks that have…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Chia-Yi Su , Collin McMillan

Elixir is a new functional programming language whose popularity is rising in the industry. However, there are few works in the literature focused on studying the internal quality of systems implemented in this language. Particularly, to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-04-11 Lucas Francisco da Matta Vegi , Marco Tulio Valente

Nowadays, modern applications are developed using components written in different programming languages. These systems introduce several advantages. However, as the number of languages increases, so does the challenges related to the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-01-18 Mouna Abidi , Md Saidur Rahman , Moses Openja , Foutse Khomh

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used to generate requirements specifications, design documents, code, and test cases. In contrast, much less attention has been given to a more difficult assurance problem: statically verifying…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Zhi Quan Zhou , Dave Towey , Tsong Yueh Chen

There has been considerable growth and interest in industrial applications of machine learning (ML) in recent years. ML engineers, as a consequence, are in high demand across the industry, yet improving the efficiency of ML engineers…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-05 Anh Truong , Austin Walters , Jeremy Goodsitt , Keegan Hines , C. Bayan Bruss , Reza Farivar

Modern software relies on a multitude of automated testing and quality assurance tools to prevent errors, bugs and potential vulnerabilities. This study sets out to provide a head-to-head, quantitative and qualitative evaluation of six…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-07 Damian Gnieciak , Tomasz Szandala