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Identifying and preserving archaeological sites before they are destroyed is a very important issue. In this paper, we develop a greatly improved archaeological predictive model $APM_{enhanced}$ that predicts where archaeological sites will…

This paper is aimed at developing a better understanding of the structure of the information that in contained in galaxy surveys, so as to find optimal ways to combine observables from such surveys. We first show how Jaynes' Maximal Entropy…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-28 Julien Carron , Adam Amara , Simon Lilly

Existing training criteria in automatic speech recognition(ASR) permit the model to freely explore more than one time alignments between the feature and label sequences. In this paper, we use entropy to measure a model's uncertainty, i.e.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-12-26 Ehsan Variani , Ke Wu , David Rybach , Cyril Allauzen , Michael Riley

How does the information flow between different brain regions during various stimuli? This is the question we aim to address by studying complex cognitive paradigms in terms of Information Theory. To assess creativity and the emergence of…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2025-07-08 Ania Mesa-Rodríguez , Ernesto Estevez-Rams , Holger Kantz

In reliability analysis, methods used to estimate failure probability are often limited by the costs associated with model evaluations. Many of these methods, such as multifidelity importance sampling (MFIS), rely upon a computationally…

Aims: To propose a general sample size framework for developing or updating a clinical prediction model using any statistical or machine learning method, based on drawing samples from anticipated posterior distributions and targeting…

Information has an entropic character which can be analyzed within the Statistical Theory in molecular systems. R. Landauer and C.H. Bennett showed that a logical copy can be carried out in the limit of no dissipation if the computation is…

Biological Physics · Physics 2012-08-15 J. Ricardo Arias-Gonzalez

The Shannon entropy is a widely used summary statistic, for example, network traffic measurement, anomaly detection, neural computations, spike trains, etc. This study focuses on estimating Shannon entropy of data streams. It is known that…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2009-10-09 Ping Li

When random effects are correlated with sample design variables, the usual approach of employing individual survey weights (constructed to be inversely proportional to the unit survey inclusion probabilities) to form a pseudo-likelihood no…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-08-26 Terrance D. Savitsky , Matthew R. Williams

To quantify the complexity of a system, entropy-based methods have received considerable critical attentions in real-world data analysis. Among numerous entropy algorithms, amplitude-based formulas, represented by Sample Entropy, suffer…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-01-12 Hongjian Xiao , Danilo P. Mandic

High-entropy alloys, which exist in the high-dimensional composition space, provide enormous unique opportunities for realizing unprecedented structural and functional properties. A fundamental challenge, however, lies in how to predict the…

Materials Science · Physics 2021-05-20 Jie Qi , Andrew M. Cheung , S. Joseph Poon

The appropriateness of the Poisson model is frequently challenged when examining spatial count data marked by unbalanced distributions, over-dispersion, or under-dispersion. Moreover, traditional parametric models may inadequately capture…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-26 Mahsa Nadifar , Andriette Bekker , Mohammad Arashi , Abel Ramoelo

It is not obvious how to extend Shannon's original information entropy to higher dimensions, and many different approaches have been tried. We replace the English text symbol sequence originally used to illustrate the theory by a discrete,…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2016-09-06 Kieran G. Larkin

Although compartmental dynamical systems are used in many different areas of science, model selection based on the maximum entropy principle (MaxEnt) is challenging because of the lack of methods for quantifying the entropy for this type of…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-08-23 Holger Metzler , Carlos A. Sierra

Combining machine learning with econometric analysis is becoming increasingly prevalent in both research and practice. A common empirical strategy involves the application of predictive modeling techniques to 'mine' variables of interest…

Econometrics · Economics 2020-12-22 Mochen Yang , Edward McFowland , Gordon Burtch , Gediminas Adomavicius

This paper complements the large body of social sensing literature by developing means for augmenting sensing data with inference results that "fill-in" missing pieces. It specifically explores the synergy between (i) inference techniques…

The long-tailed distribution of sequence lengths in LLM serving and reinforcement learning (RL) sampling causes significant computational waste due to excessive padding in batched inference. Existing methods rely on auxiliary models for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Huanyi Xie , Yubin Chen , Liangyu Wang , Lijie Hu , Di Wang

Causal inference, or counterfactual prediction, is central to decision making in healthcare, policy and social sciences. To de-bias causal estimators with high-dimensional data in observational studies, recent advances suggest the…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-10-20 Shuxi Zeng , Serge Assaad , Chenyang Tao , Shounak Datta , Lawrence Carin , Fan Li

The problem of Shannon entropy estimation in countable infinite alphabets is addressed from the study and use of convergence results of the entropy functional, which is known to be discontinuous with respect to the total variation distance…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2018-04-03 Jorge F. Silva

A maximum entropy-based framework is presented for the synthesis of projections from multiple Earth climate models. This identifies the most representative (most probable) model from a set of climate models -- as defined by specified…

Geophysics · Physics 2017-08-23 Robert K. Niven