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Human annotations are vital to supervised learning, yet annotators often disagree on the correct label, especially as annotation tasks increase in complexity. A strategy to improve label quality is to ask multiple annotators to label the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Alexander Braylan , Madalyn Marabella , Omar Alonso , Matthew Lease

A popular approach for large scale data annotation tasks is crowdsourcing, wherein each data point is labeled by multiple noisy annotators. We consider the problem of inferring ground truth from noisy ordinal labels obtained from multiple…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2013-05-02 Balaji Lakshminarayanan , Yee Whye Teh

Disagreement in annotation is a common phenomenon in the development of NLP datasets and serves as a valuable source of insight. While majority voting remains the dominant strategy for aggregating labels, recent work has explored modeling…

Learning from crowds describes that the annotations of training data are obtained with crowd-sourcing services. Multiple annotators each complete their own small part of the annotations, where labeling mistakes that depend on annotators…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2024-04-16 Shikun Li , Xiaobo Xia , Jiankang Deng , Shiming Ge , Tongliang Liu

Subjective NLP tasks usually rely on human annotations provided by multiple annotators, whose judgments may vary due to their diverse backgrounds and life experiences. Traditional methods often aggregate multiple annotations into a single…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-17 Benedetta Muscato , Praveen Bushipaka , Gizem Gezici , Lucia Passaro , Fosca Giannotti

Crowdsourcing platforms offer a practical solution to the problem of affordably annotating large datasets for training supervised classifiers. Unfortunately, poor worker performance frequently threatens to compromise annotation reliability,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-01-17 Liyue Zhao , Yu Zhang , Gita Sukthankar

Samples with ground truth labels may not always be available in numerous domains. While learning from crowdsourcing labels has been explored, existing models can still fail in the presence of sparse, unreliable, or diverging annotations.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Mani Sotoodeh , Li Xiong , Joyce C. Ho

We tackle the problem of learning linear classifiers from noisy datasets in a multiclass setting. The two-class version of this problem was studied a few years ago by, e.g. Bylander (1994) and Blum et al. (1996): in these contributions, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2014-03-21 Ugo Louche , Liva Ralaivola

Real-world data for classification is often labeled by multiple annotators. For analyzing such data, we introduce CROWDLAB, a straightforward approach to utilize any trained classifier to estimate: (1) A consensus label for each example…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-30 Hui Wen Goh , Ulyana Tkachenko , Jonas Mueller

Pattern recognition applications often suffer from skewed data distributions between classes, which may vary during operations w.r.t. the design data. Two-class classification systems designed using skewed data tend to recognize the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Roghayeh Soleymani , Eric Granger , Giorgio Fumera

Despite the ample availability of graph data, obtaining vertex labels is a tedious and expensive task. Therefore, it is desirable to learn from a few labeled vertices only. Existing few-shot learners assume a class oracle, which provides…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Felix Burr , Marcel Hoffmann , Ansgar Scherp

Large-scale datasets are important for the development of deep learning models. Such datasets usually require a heavy workload of annotations, which are extremely time-consuming and expensive. To accelerate the annotation procedure,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Xiaoqian Ruan , Gaoang Wang

State-of-the-art machine learning models require access to significant amount of annotated data in order to achieve the desired level of performance. While unlabelled data can be largely available and even abundant, annotation process can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Rahaf Aljundi , Nikolay Chumerin , Daniel Olmeda Reino

Concept Bottleneck Models (CBMs) provide inherent interpretability by first mapping input samples to high-level semantic concepts, followed by a combination of these concepts for the final classification. However, the annotation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-02 Yangyi Li , Mengdi Huai

The deployment of pre-trained perception models in novel environments often leads to performance degradation due to distributional shifts. Although recent artificial intelligence approaches for metacognition use logical rules to…

Incorporating every annotator's perspective is crucial for unbiased data modeling. Annotator fatigue and changing opinions over time can distort dataset annotations. To combat this, we propose to learn a more accurate representation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Uthman Jinadu , Yi Ding

Supervised training of object detectors requires well-annotated large-scale datasets, whose production is costly. Therefore, some efforts have been made to obtain annotations in economical ways, such as cloud sourcing. However, datasets…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-08 Jiafeng Mao , Qing Yu , Yoko Yamakata , Kiyoharu Aizawa

Researchers have raised awareness about the harms of aggregating labels especially in subjective tasks that naturally contain disagreements among human annotators. In this work we show that models that are only provided aggregated labels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Abhishek Anand , Negar Mokhberian , Prathyusha Naresh Kumar , Anweasha Saha , Zihao He , Ashwin Rao , Fred Morstatter , Kristina Lerman

Human annotations are an important source of information in the development of natural language understanding approaches. As under the pressure of productivity annotators can assign different labels to a given text, the quality of produced…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-29 Kristian Miok , Gregor Pirs , Marko Robnik-Sikonja

Annotated data is an essential ingredient in natural language processing for training and evaluating machine learning models. It is therefore very desirable for the annotations to be of high quality. Recent work, however, has shown that…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-09-27 Jan-Christoph Klie , Bonnie Webber , Iryna Gurevych