English
Related papers

Related papers: Counterfactual Probing for Hallucination Detection…

200 papers

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown their ability to collaborate effectively with humans in real-world scenarios. However, LLMs are apt to generate hallucinations, i.e., makeup incorrect text and unverified information, which can cause…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Shiping Yang , Renliang Sun , Xiaojun Wan

Large Language Models (LLMs) enhanced with retrieval, an approach known as Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG), have achieved strong performance in open-domain question answering. However, RAG remains prone to hallucinations: factually…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have garnered significant attention recently and demonstrate outstanding capabilities in various tasks such as OCR, VQA, captioning, $\textit{etc}$. However, hallucination remains a persistent issue.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Zehao Wang , Xinpeng Liu , Yudonglin Zhang , Xiaoqian Wu , Zhou Fang , Yifan Fang , Junfu Pu , Cewu Lu , Yong-Lu Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various natural language processing tasks. However, they occasionally generate inaccurate and counterfactual outputs, a phenomenon commonly referred to as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-04 Dingwei Chen , Feiteng Fang , Shiwen Ni , Feng Liang , Xiping Hu , Ahmadreza Argha , Hamid Alinejad-Rokny , Min Yang , Chengming Li

While large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional performance across various tasks following human alignment, they may still generate responses that sound plausible but contradict factual knowledge, a phenomenon known as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-09-24 Fanqi Wan , Xinting Huang , Leyang Cui , Xiaojun Quan , Wei Bi , Shuming Shi

Large Language Models (LLMs) often generate hallucinations, producing outputs that are contextually inaccurate or factually incorrect. We introduce HICD, a novel method designed to induce hallucinations for contrastive decoding to mitigate…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Xinyan Jiang , Hang Ye , Yongxin Zhu , Xiaoying Zheng , Zikang Chen , Jun Gong

Large Language Models (LLMs) possess a remarkable capacity to generate persuasive and intelligible language. However, coherence does not equate to truthfulness, as the responses often contain subtle hallucinations. Existing benchmarks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Alex Robertson , Huizhi Liang , Mahbub Gani , Rohit Kumar , Srijith Rajamohan

Large language models (LLMs) frequently hallucinate and produce factual errors, yet our understanding of why they make these errors remains limited. In this study, we delve into the underlying mechanisms of LLM hallucinations from the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-13 Shiqi Chen , Miao Xiong , Junteng Liu , Zhengxuan Wu , Teng Xiao , Siyang Gao , Junxian He

Large language models (LLMs) are highly effective in various natural language processing (NLP) tasks. However, they are susceptible to producing unreliable conjectures in ambiguous contexts called hallucination. This paper presents a new…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Yuhong Sun , Zhangyue Yin , Qipeng Guo , Jiawen Wu , Xipeng Qiu , Hui Zhao

Hallucination, where large language models (LLMs) generate confident but incorrect or irrelevant information, remains a key limitation in their application to complex, open-ended tasks. Chain-of-thought (CoT) prompting has emerged as a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-15 Adarsh Kumar , Hwiyoon Kim , Jawahar Sai Nathani , Neil Roy

Counterfactuals refer to minimally edited inputs that cause a model's prediction to change, serving as a promising approach to explaining the model's behavior. Large language models (LLMs) excel at generating English counterfactuals and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Qianli Wang , Van Bach Nguyen , Yihong Liu , Fedor Splitt , Nils Feldhus , Christin Seifert , Hinrich Schütze , Sebastian Möller , Vera Schmitt

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly used as alternatives to traditional search engines given their capacity to generate text that resembles human language. However, this shift is concerning, as LLMs often generate hallucinations,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Cléa Chataigner , Afaf Taïk , Golnoosh Farnadi

Despite their impressive generative capabilities, LLMs are hindered by fact-conflicting hallucinations in real-world applications. The accurate identification of hallucinations in texts generated by LLMs, especially in complex inferential…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Xiang Chen , Duanzheng Song , Honghao Gui , Chenxi Wang , Ningyu Zhang , Yong Jiang , Fei Huang , Chengfei Lv , Dan Zhang , Huajun Chen

With the large-scale adoption of Large Language Models (LLMs) in various applications, there is a growing reliability concern due to their tendency to generate inaccurate text, i.e. hallucinations. In this work, we propose Cross-Layer…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-15 Malavika Suresh , Rahaf Aljundi , Ikechukwu Nkisi-Orji , Nirmalie Wiratunga

Generation of plausible yet incorrect factual information, termed hallucination, is an unsolved issue in large language models. We study the ability of language models to deliberate on the responses they give in order to correct their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-26 Shehzaad Dhuliawala , Mojtaba Komeili , Jing Xu , Roberta Raileanu , Xian Li , Asli Celikyilmaz , Jason Weston

Large Language Models (LLMs) often struggle to align their responses with objective facts, resulting in the issue of factual hallucinations, which can be difficult to detect and mislead users without relevant knowledge. Although…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Siyuan Zhang , Yichi Zhang , Yinpeng Dong , Hang Su

Pretrained Large Language Models (LLMs) are prone to generating fluent yet factually incorrect text-a phenomenon known as hallucinations, undermining their reliability and utility in downstream tasks. We hypothesize that a generated text…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Koduvayur Subbalakshmi , Sabbir Hossain Ujjal , Venkata Krishna Teja Mangichetty , Nastaran Jamalipour Soofi

The Large Visual Language Models (LVLMs) enhances user interaction and enriches user experience by integrating visual modality on the basis of the Large Language Models (LLMs). It has demonstrated their powerful information processing and…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-10-22 Wei Lan , Wenyi Chen , Qingfeng Chen , Shirui Pan , Huiyu Zhou , Yi Pan

Hallucination, the generation of factually incorrect content, is a growing challenge in Large Language Models (LLMs). Existing detection and mitigation methods are often isolated and insufficient for domain-specific needs, lacking a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-22 Mengfei Liang , Archish Arun , Zekun Wu , Cristian Munoz , Jonathan Lutch , Emre Kazim , Adriano Koshiyama , Philip Treleaven

This paper investigates false positive constructions: grammatical structures which an LLM hallucinates as distinct constructions but which human introspection does not support. Both a behavioural probing task using contextual embeddings and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Jonathan Dunn , Mai Mohamed Eida