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General audio understanding is a fundamental goal for large audio-language models, with audio captioning serving as a cornerstone task for their development. However, progress in this domain is hindered by existing datasets, which lack the…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-03-26 Yadong Niu , Tianzi Wang , Heinrich Dinkel , Xingwei Sun , Jiahao Zhou , Gang Li , Jizhong Liu , Junbo Zhang , Jian Luan

The Image Difference Captioning (IDC) task aims to describe the visual differences between two similar images with natural language. The major challenges of this task lie in two aspects: 1) fine-grained visual differences that require…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2022-02-10 Linli Yao , Weiying Wang , Qin Jin

This paper focuses on the challenge of answering questions in scenarios that are composed of rich and complex dynamic audio-visual components. Although existing Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) can respond to audio-visual content,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-03-08 Qilang Ye , Zitong Yu , Rui Shao , Xinyu Xie , Philip Torr , Xiaochun Cao

In this study, we present synchronous bilingual Connectionist Temporal Classification (CTC), an innovative framework that leverages dual CTC to bridge the gaps of both modality and language in the speech translation (ST) task. Utilizing…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Chen Xu , Xiaoqian Liu , Erfeng He , Yuhao Zhang , Qianqian Dong , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu , Dapeng Man , Wu Yang

Audio often serves as an auxiliary modality in video understanding tasks of audio-visual large language models (LLMs), merely assisting in the comprehension of visual information. However, a thorough understanding of videos significantly…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Yudong Yang , Jimin Zhuang , Guangzhi Sun , Changli Tang , Yixuan Li , Peihan Li , Yifan Jiang , Wei Li , Zejun Ma , Chao Zhang

Large language models (LLMs) have shown exceptional versatility in natural language processing, prompting recent efforts to extend their multimodal capabilities to speech processing through the development of audio large language models…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-04-01 Ting Dang , Yan Gao , Hong Jia

Audio captioning aims at describing the content of audio clips with human language. Due to the ambiguity of audio, different people may perceive the same audio differently, resulting in caption disparities (i.e., one audio may correlate to…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Yiming Zhang , Hong Yu , Ruoyi Du , Zhanyu Ma , Yuan Dong

Connecting audio encoders with large language models (LLMs) allows the LLM to perform various audio understanding tasks, such as automatic speech recognition (ASR) and audio captioning (AC). Most research focuses on training an adapter…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-09-22 Weiqiao Shan , Yuang Li , Yuhao Zhang , Yingfeng Luo , Chen Xu , Xiaofeng Zhao , Long Meng , Yunfei Lu , Min Zhang , Hao Yang , Tong Xiao , Jingbo Zhu

Achieving pronunciation proficiency in a second language (L2) remains a challenge, despite the development of Computer-Assisted Pronunciation Training (CAPT) systems. Traditional CAPT systems often provide unintuitive feedback that lacks…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Hongfu Liu , Zhouying Cui , Xiangming Gu , Ye Wang

The Large Language models (LLMs) have demonstrated supreme capabilities in text understanding and generation, but cannot be directly applied to cross-modal tasks without fine-tuning. This paper proposes a cross-modal in-context learning…

Sound · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Dongchao Yang , Haohan Guo , Yuanyuan Wang , Rongjie Huang , Xiang Li , Xu Tan , Xixin Wu , Helen Meng

Current approaches for large audio language models (LALMs) often rely on closed data sources or proprietary models, limiting their generalization and accessibility. This paper introduces MiDashengLM, a novel open audio-language model…

Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) have been widely applied in speech and music. This tendency has led to a focus on audio tokenization for Large Models (LMs). Unlike semantic-only text tokens, audio tokens must both capture global…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Lu Wang , Hao Chen , Siyu Wu , Zhiyue Wu , Hao Zhou , Chengfeng Zhang , Ting Wang , Haodi Zhang

While Large Audio-Language Models (LALMs) have been shown to exhibit degraded instruction-following capabilities, their ability to infer task patterns from in-context examples under audio conditioning remains unstudied. To address this gap,…

When captioning an image, people describe objects in diverse ways, such as by using different terms and/or including details that are perceptually noteworthy to them. Descriptions can be especially unique across languages and cultures.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Kyle Buettner , Jacob T. Emmerson , Adriana Kovashka

Audio captioning is an important research area that aims to generate meaningful descriptions for audio clips. Most of the existing research extracts acoustic features of audio clips as input to encoder-decoder and transformer architectures…

Sound · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Ayşegül Özkaya Eren , Mustafa Sert

In the era of large language models (LLMs) and artificial general intelligence (AGI), computer audition must evolve beyond traditional paradigms to fully leverage the capabilities of foundation models, towards more comprehensive…

While Contrastive Decoding (CD) has proven effective at enhancing Large Audio Language Models (LALMs), the underlying mechanisms driving its success and the comparative efficacy of different strategies remain unclear. This study…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Tzu-Quan Lin , Wei-Ping Huang , Yi-Cheng Lin , Hung-yi Lee

Multimodal processing has attracted much attention lately especially with the success of pre-training. However, the exploration has mainly focused on vision-language pre-training, as introducing more modalities can greatly complicate model…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Ludan Ruan , Anwen Hu , Yuqing Song , Liang Zhang , Sipeng Zheng , Qin Jin

Previous studies in automated audio captioning have faced difficulties in accurately capturing the complete temporal details of acoustic scenes and events within long audio sequences. This paper presents AudioLog, a large language models…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-01-05 Jisheng Bai , Han Yin , Mou Wang , Dongyuan Shi , Woon-Seng Gan , Jianfeng Chen , Susanto Rahardja

Audio captioning quality metrics which are typically borrowed from the machine translation and image captioning areas measure the degree of overlap between predicted tokens and gold reference tokens. In this work, we consider a metric…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Rehana Mahfuz , Yinyi Guo , Erik Visser