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This paper introduces a novel measure to quantify the directional dependence of extreme events between two variables. The proposed approach is designed to capture asymmetric tail dependence by studying conditional tail expectations of…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-04-06 Matthieu Garcin , Maxime L. D. Nicolas

Modeling extremes of climate variables in the framework of climate change is a particularly difficult task, since it implies taking into account spatio-temporal nonstationarities. In this paper, we propose a new method for estimating…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-05-13 Béwentaoré Sawadogo , Diakarya Barro

Extreme environmental phenomena such as major precipitation events manifestly exhibit spatial dependence. Max-stable processes are a class of asymptotically-justified models that are capable of representing spatial dependence among extreme…

Applications · Statistics 2013-01-09 Brian J. Reich , Benjamin A. Shaby

We develop a unified statistical framework for attributing heatwaves as spatio-temporal phenomena under climate change. We quantify the impact of anthropogenic forcing on the probability and persistence of heatwaves not captured by standard…

Applications · Statistics 2026-04-30 Kamal Gasser , Johan Segers , Francesco Ragone

The coarse spatial resolution of gridded climate models, such as general circulation models, limits their direct use in projecting socially relevant variables like extreme precipitation. Most downscaling methods estimate the conditional…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2026-01-06 Louise Largeau , Tom Beucler , David Leutwyler , Gregoire Mariethoz , Valerie Chavez-Demoulin , Erwan Koch

Extreme temperature events have traditionally been detected assuming a unimodal distribution of temperature data. We found that surface temperature data can be described more accurately with a multimodal rather than a unimodal distribution.…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2023-09-14 Aytaç Paçal , Birgit Hassler , Katja Weigel , M. Levent Kurnaz , Michael F. Wehner , Veronika Eyring

Many random phenomena, including life-testing and environmental data, show positive values and excess zeros, which pose modeling challenges. In life testing, immediate failures result in zero lifetimes, often due to defects or poor quality,…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-02-06 Shivshankar Nila , Ishapathik Das , N. Balakrishna

Recent extreme value theory literature has seen significant emphasis on the modelling of spatial extremes, with comparatively little consideration of spatio-temporal extensions. This neglects an important feature of extreme events: their…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-07-19 Emma S. Simpson , Jennifer L. Wadsworth

The purpose of this paper is to illustrate new techniques for computing multiday extreme precipitation taken from recent theoretical advancements in extreme value theory in the framework of dynamical systems, using historical precipitation…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2024-03-18 Ruethaichanok Kardkasem , Meagan Carney

Heavy-tailed distributions are found throughout many naturally occurring phenomena. We have reviewed the models of stochastic dynamics that lead to heavy-tailed distributions (and power law distributions, in particular) including the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2011-05-09 Ph. Blanchard , T. Krueger , D. Volchenkov

Climate extremes such as floods, storms, and heatwaves have caused severe economic and human losses across Europe in recent decades. To support the European Union's climate resilience efforts, we propose a statistical framework for…

Applications · Statistics 2025-05-26 Carlotta Pacifici , Simone A. Padoan , Jaroslav Mysiak

Complex systems span multiple spatial and temporal scales, making their dynamics challenging to understand and predict. This challenge is especially daunting when one wants to study localized and/or rare events. Advances in dynamical…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2025-09-22 Chenyu Dong , Gabriele Messori , Davide Faranda , Adriano Gualandi , Valerio Lucarini , Gianmarco Mengaldo

The statistical theory of extremes is extended to observations that are non-stationary and not independent. The non-stationarity over time and space is controlled via the scedasis (tail scale) in the marginal distributions. Spatial…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-03-10 John H. J. Einmahl , Ana Ferreira , Laurens de Haan , Claudia Neves , Chen Zhou

Inference on the extremal behaviour of spatial aggregates of precipitation is important for quantifying river flood risk. There are two classes of previous approach, with one failing to ensure self-consistency in inference across different…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-06-22 Jordan Richards , Jonathan A. Tawn , Simon Brown

In this work, we develop a constructive modeling framework for extreme threshold exceedances in repeated observations of spatial fields, based on general product mixtures of random fields possessing light or heavy-tailed margins and various…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-12-20 Rishikesh Yadav , Raphaël Huser , Thomas Opitz

Accurate modeling of daily rainfall, encompassing both dry and wet days as well as extreme precipitation events, is critical for robust hydrological and climatological analyses. This study proposes a zero-inflated extended generalized…

Applications · Statistics 2025-10-01 Aamar Abbas , Touqeer Ahmad , Ishfaq Ahmad

We develop a three-timescale framework for modelling climate change and introduce a space-heterogeneous one-dimensional energy balance model. This model, addressing temperature fluctuations from rising carbon dioxide levels and the…

Atmospheric and Oceanic Physics · Physics 2024-08-27 Gianmarco Del Sarto , Franco Flandoli

The statistical modeling of space-time extremes in environmental applications is key to understanding complex dependence structures in original event data and to generating realistic scenarios for impact models. In this context of…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-05-16 Jean-Noel Bacro , Carlo Gaetan , Thomas Opitz , Gwladys Toulemonde

Modeling the joint distribution of extreme weather events in multiple locations is a challenging task with important applications. In this study, we use max-stable models to study extreme daily precipitation events in Switzerland. The…

Methodology · Statistics 2018-11-29 Clément Chevalier , David Ginsbourger , Olivia Martius

Climate change is increasing the occurrence of extreme precipitation events, threatening infrastructure, agriculture, and public safety. Ensemble prediction systems provide probabilistic forecasts but exhibit biases and difficulties in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-09 Christopher Bülte , Sohir Maskey , Philipp Scholl , Jonas von Berg , Gitta Kutyniok