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Metric-based few-shot approaches have gained significant popularity due to their relatively straightforward implementation, high interpret ability, and computational efficiency. However, stemming from the batch-independence assumption…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Wenwen Liao , Hang Ruan , Jianbo Yu , Xiaofeng Yang , Qingchao Jiang , Xuefeng Yan

While the design of blind image quality assessment (IQA) algorithms has improved significantly, the distribution shift between the training and testing scenarios often leads to a poor performance of these methods at inference time. This…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-27 Subhadeep Roy , Shankhanil Mitra , Soma Biswas , Rajiv Soundararajan

Vision-language foundation models (VLMs), such as CLIP, exhibit remarkable performance across a wide range of tasks. However, deploying these models can be unreliable when significant distribution gaps exist between training and test data,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Zongbo Han , Jialong Yang , Guangyu Wang , Junfan Li , Qianli Xu , Mike Zheng Shou , Changqing Zhang

We study the problem of continual test-time adaption where the goal is to adapt a source pre-trained model to a sequence of unlabelled target domains at test time. Existing methods on test-time training suffer from several limitations: (1)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-03 Kien X. Nguyen , Fengchun Qiao , Xi Peng

Since experiencing domain shifts during test-time is inevitable in practice, test-time adaption (TTA) continues to adapt the model after deployment. Recently, the area of continual and gradual test-time adaptation (TTA) emerged. In contrast…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Mario Döbler , Robert A. Marsden , Bin Yang

Conformal Prediction (CP) is a powerful framework for constructing prediction sets with guaranteed coverage. However, recent studies have shown that integrating confidence calibration with CP can lead to a degradation in efficiency. In this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-25 Rui Luo , Nicolo Colombo

Most recent few-shot learning approaches are based on meta-learning with episodic training. However, prior studies encounter two crucial problems: (1) \textit{the presence of inductive bias}, and (2) \textit{the occurrence of catastrophic…

Multimedia · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Bingzhi Chen , Haoming Zhou , Yishu Liu , Biqing Zeng , Jiahui Pan , Guangming Lu

Scaling training compute, measured in FLOPs, has long been shown to improve the accuracy of large language models, yet training remains resource-intensive. Prior work shows that increasing test-time compute (TTC)-for example through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-06 Hossam Amer , Maryam Dialameh , Hossein Rajabzadeh , Walid Ahmed , Weiwei Zhang , Yang Liu

Wild Test-Time Adaptation (WTTA) is proposed to adapt a source model to unseen domains under extreme data scarcity and multiple shifts. Previous approaches mainly focused on sample selection strategies, while overlooking the fundamental…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-06-05 Zixuan Hu , Yichun Hu , Xiaotong Li , Shixiang Tang , Ling-Yu Duan

Many recent machine learning tasks focus to develop models that can generalize to unseen distributions. Domain generalization (DG) has become one of the key topics in various fields. Several literatures show that DG can be arbitrarily hard…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-11 Yi-Fan Zhang , Xue Wang , Kexin Jin , Kun Yuan , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Rong Jin , Tieniu Tan

Current pre-trained vision-language models, such as CLIP, have demonstrated remarkable zero-shot generalization capabilities across various downstream tasks. However, their performance significantly degrades when test inputs exhibit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Junhui Yin , Xinyu Zhang , Lin Wu , Xiaojie Wang

Test-Time Adaptation (TTA) via entropy minimization (EM) has proven effective for classification tasks, yet its application to generative autoregressive models remains theoretically fragmented. Existing approaches typically rely on distinct…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-12 Wei-Ping Huang , Chee-En Yu , Guan-Ting Lin , Hung-yi Lee

Multi-modal test-time adaptation (MM-TTA) adapts models to an unlabeled target domain by leveraging the complementary multi-modal inputs in an online manner. While previous MM-TTA methods for 3D segmentation offer a promising solution by…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Haozhi Cao , Yuecong Xu , Pengyu Yin , Xingyu Ji , Shenghai Yuan , Jianfei Yang , Lihua Xie

Affordable 3D scanners often produce sparse and non-uniform point clouds that negatively impact downstream applications in robotic systems. While existing point cloud upsampling architectures have demonstrated promising results on standard…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Ahmed Hatem , Yiming Qian , Yang Wang

We present Point-TTA, a novel test-time adaptation framework for point cloud registration (PCR) that improves the generalization and the performance of registration models. While learning-based approaches have achieved impressive progress,…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Ahmed Hatem , Yiming Qian , Yang Wang

While scaling test-time compute can substantially improve model performance, existing approaches either rely on static compute allocation or sample from fixed generation distributions. In this work, we introduce a test-time compute…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-04-24 Bowen Zuo , Dongruo Zhou , Yinglun Zhu

Although open-vocabulary classification models like Contrastive Language Image Pretraining (CLIP) have demonstrated strong zero-shot learning capabilities, their robustness to common image corruptions remains poorly understood. Through…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Sarthak Kumar Maharana , Baoming Zhang , Leonid Karlinsky , Rogerio Feris , Yunhui Guo

Test-time adaptation (TTA) is an emerging paradigm that addresses distributional shifts between training and testing phases without additional data acquisition or labeling cost; only unlabeled test data streams are used for continual model…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-12 Taesik Gong , Jongheon Jeong , Taewon Kim , Yewon Kim , Jinwoo Shin , Sung-Ju Lee

Test-time adaptation with pre-trained vision-language models has gained increasing attention for addressing distribution shifts during testing. Among these approaches, memory-based algorithms stand out due to their training-free nature and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-30 Wenxuan Bao , Ruxi Deng , Ruizhong Qiu , Tianxin Wei , Hanghang Tong , Jingrui He

Test-time adaptation (TTA) has demonstrated significant potential in addressing distribution shifts between training and testing data. Open-set test-time adaptation (OSTTA) aims to adapt a source pre-trained model online to an unlabeled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-01-24 Hao Dong , Eleni Chatzi , Olga Fink