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Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) provides a framework for problems involving multiple interacting agents. Despite apparent similarity to the single-agent case, multi-agent problems are often harder to train and analyze…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Michał Zawalski , Błażej Osiński , Henryk Michalewski , Piotr Miłoś

Decentralized Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) methods allow for learning scalable multi-agent policies, but suffer from partial observability and induced non-stationarity. These challenges can be addressed by introducing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-01 Tommaso Marzi , Cesare Alippi , Andrea Cini

To achieve general intelligence, agents must learn how to interact with others in a shared environment: this is the challenge of multiagent reinforcement learning (MARL). The simplest form is independent reinforcement learning (InRL), where…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-11-08 Marc Lanctot , Vinicius Zambaldi , Audrunas Gruslys , Angeliki Lazaridou , Karl Tuyls , Julien Perolat , David Silver , Thore Graepel

Recent advancements in multimodal large language models and vision-languageaction models have significantly driven progress in Embodied AI. As the field transitions toward more complex task scenarios, multi-agent system frameworks are…

While decentralized training is attractive in multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) for its excellent scalability and robustness, its inherent coordination challenges in collaborative tasks result in numerous interactions for agents to…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2023-12-20 Yanwen Ba , Xuan Liu , Xinning Chen , Hao Wang , Yang Xu , Kenli Li , Shigeng Zhang

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has been increasingly adopted in many real-world applications. While MARL enables decentralized deployment on resource-constrained edge devices, it suffers from severe non-stationarity due to the…

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) algorithms often struggle to find strategies close to Pareto optimal Nash Equilibrium, owing largely to the lack of efficient exploration. The problem is exacerbated in sparse-reward settings,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Zhicheng Zhang , Yancheng Liang , Yi Wu , Fei Fang

Multi-agent LLM systems enable advanced reasoning and tool use via role specialization, yet reliable reinforcement learning (RL) post-training for such systems remains difficult. In this work, we theoretically pinpoint a key reason for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Lang Feng , Longtao Zheng , Shuo He , Fuxiang Zhang , Bo An

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) is a branch of machine learning in which agents interact and learn optimal policies through trial and error, addressing complex scenarios where multiple agents interact and learn in the same…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Changhee Lee , Jeongmin Rhee , DongHwa Shin

Large Language Model-based multi-agent systems (MAS) have shown remarkable progress in solving complex tasks through collaborative reasoning and inter-agent critique. However, existing approaches typically treat each task in isolation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-30 Yilong Li , Chen Qian , Yu Xia , Ruijie Shi , Yufan Dang , Zihao Xie , Ziming You , Weize Chen , Cheng Yang , Weichuan Liu , Ye Tian , Xuantang Xiong , Lei Han , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

Multi-agent reinforcement learning (MARL) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for solving complex problems through agents' cooperation and competition, finding widespread applications across domains. Despite its success, MARL faces a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-21 Baraah A. M. Sidahmed , Tatjana Chavdarova

Planning through crowded environments under uncertain obstacle motions remains difficult, as stochastic interactions often induce overly conservative behavior or reduced efficiency. To address this challenge, we propose an end-to-end risk…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Xinyi Wang , Taekyung Kim , Bardh Hoxha , Georgios Fainekos , Dimitra Panagou

Maintaining a balance between the supply and demand of products by optimizing replenishment decisions is one of the most important challenges in the supply chain industry. This paper presents a novel reinforcement learning framework called…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-04 Rémi Leluc , Elie Kadoche , Antoine Bertoncello , Sébastien Gourvénec

In the real world, people/entities usually find matches independently and autonomously, such as finding jobs, partners, roommates, etc. It is possible that this search for matches starts with no initial knowledge of the environment. We…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Kshitija Taywade , Judy Goldsmith , Brent Harrison

Resource balancing within complex transportation networks is one of the most important problems in real logistics domain. Traditional solutions on these problems leverage combinatorial optimization with demand and supply forecasting.…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2019-03-05 Xihan Li , Jia Zhang , Jiang Bian , Yunhai Tong , Tie-Yan Liu

This article introduces a novel framework for data-driven linear quadratic regulator (LQR) design. First, we introduce a reinforcement learning paradigm for on-policy data-driven LQR, where exploration and exploitation are simultaneously…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-23 Marco Borghesi , Alessandro Bosso , Giuseppe Notarstefano

Effective cross-functional coordination is essential for enhancing firm-wide profitability, particularly in the face of growing organizational complexity and scale. Recent advances in artificial intelligence, especially in reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-07 Jinyang Jiang , Jinhui Han , Yijie Peng , Ying Zhang

Multi-Agent Reinforcement Learning (MARL) discovers policies that maximize reward but do not have safety guarantees during the learning and deployment phases. Although shielding with Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is a promising formal method…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-14 Wenli Xiao , Yiwei Lyu , John Dolan

Multi-agent Reinforcement learning (MARL) studies the behaviour of multiple learning agents that coexist in a shared environment. MARL is more challenging than single-agent RL because it involves more complex learning dynamics: the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-04-26 Roger Creus Castanyer

The analysis and control of large-population systems is of great interest to diverse areas of research and engineering, ranging from epidemiology over robotic swarms to economics and finance. An increasingly popular and effective approach…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Kai Cui , Anam Tahir , Gizem Ekinci , Ahmed Elshamanhory , Yannick Eich , Mengguang Li , Heinz Koeppl
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