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Related papers: GW231123 Formation from Population III Stars: Isol…

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We explore the possibility that the recently detected black hole binary (BHB) merger event GW190521 originates from the first generation of massive, metal-free, so-called Population III (Pop III), stars. Based on improved binary statistics…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2020-11-18 Boyuan Liu , Volker Bromm

We investigate the formation of merging binary black holes (BHs) through isolated binary evolution, performing binary population synthesis calculations covering an unprecedentedly wide metallicity range of Population (Pop) I, II, III, and…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2022-03-03 Ataru Tanikawa , Takashi Yoshida , Tomoya Kinugawa , Alessandro A. Trani , Takashi Hosokawa , Hajime Susa , Kazuyuki Omukai

A large number of mergers of binary black holes (BHs) have been discovered by gravitational wave observations since the first detection of gravitational waves 2015. Binary BH mergers are the loudest events in the universe, however their…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-03-18 Ataru Tanikawa

GW231123 is a binary black hole merger whose primary component lies within or above the pair-instability mass gap, while the secondary component falls within this gap. The standard theory of stellar evolution is significantly challenged by…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-11-11 Shuai Liu , Long Wang , Ataru Tanikawa , Weiwei Wu , Michiko S. Fujii

The observations of gravitational waves (GWs) have revealed the existence of black holes (BHs) above $30M_\odot$. A variety of scenarios have been proposed as their origin. Among the scenarios, we consider the population III (Pop~III) star…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-01-01 Masaki Iwaya , Tomoya Kinugawa , Hideyuki Tagoshi

The gravitational wave event GW231123, with component black hole masses lying within or above the pair-instability mass gap, poses a significant challenge to current stellar evolution models. In this work, we describe how we investigated…

In the case of zero-metal (population III or Pop III) stars, we show that the total mass of binary black holes from binary Pop III star evolution can be $\sim 150 \,M_{\odot}$, which agrees with the mass of the binary black hole GW190521…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-12-16 Tomoya Kinugawa , Takashi Nakamura , Hiroyuki Nakano

GW231123 is the most massive binary black hole (BBH) merger detected to date by the LIGO-Virgo-KAGRA collaboration. With at least one black hole (BH) in the upper-mass gap and both BHs exhibiting high spins ($\chi_{1,2} \gtrsim 0.8$), this…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-09-16 Lavinia Paiella , Cristiano Ugolini , Mario Spera , Marica Branchesi , Manuel Arca Sedda

Third-generation (3G) gravitational-wave (GW) detectors will be able to observe binary-black-hole mergers (BBHs) up to redshift of $\sim 30$. This gives unprecedented access to the formation and evolution of BBHs throughout cosmic history.…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2021-07-14 Ken K. Y. Ng , Salvatore Vitale , Will M. Farr , Carl L. Rodriguez

The detection of the gravitational wave (GW) event GW190521 raises questions about the formation of black holes within the pair-instability mass gap (PIBHs). We propose that Population III (Pop III) star clusters significantly contribute to…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-04-30 Weiwei Wu , Long Wang , Shuai Liu , Yining Sun , Ataru Tanikawa , Michiko Fujii

GW190521 is a merger of two black holes (BHs), wherein at least one BH lies within the pair-instability (PI) mass gap, and it is difficult to form because of the effects of PI supernovae (PISNe) and pulsational PI (PPI). In this study, we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2021-06-11 Ataru Tanikawa , Tomoya Kinugawa , Takashi Yoshida , Kotaro Hijikawa , Hideyuki Umeda

Binary black holes (BBHs) born from the evolution of Population III (Pop. III) stars are one of the main high-redshift targets for next-generation ground-based gravitational-wave (GW) detectors. Their predicted initial mass function and…

GW231123 is an exceptionally massive binary black hole (BBH) merger with unusually high component spins. Such extreme properties challenge conventional stellar evolution models predicting a black hole mass gap due to pair-instability…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-03 Yin-Jie Li , Shao-Peng Tang , Ling-Qin Xue , Yi-Zhong Fan

In this {\em{Letter}}, we explore the formation of the mass-gap black hole-neutron star (mgBHNS) merger detected in gravitational wave (GW) event, i.e., GW230529, from the isolated binary evolution channel, and study potential signatures of…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2024-10-23 Jin-Ping Zhu , Rui-Chong Hu , Yacheng Kang , Bing Zhang , Hui Tong , Lijing Shao , Ying Qin

The gravitational wave (GW) signal from binary black hole (BBH) mergers is a promising probe of Population III (Pop III) stars. To fully unleash the power of the GW probe, one important step is to understand the relative importance and…

Population III (Pop. III) binary stars likely produced the first stellar-born binary black hole (BBH) mergers in the Universe. Here, we quantify the main sources of uncertainty for the merger rate density evolution and mass spectrum of Pop.…

We propose a method for confirmation of the existence of Population III (Pop III) stars with massive black hole binaries as GW150914 in gravitational wave (GW) observation. When we get enough number of events, we want to determine which…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2017-09-26 Akinobu Miyamoto , Tomoya Kinugawa , Takashi Nakamura , Nobuyuki Kanda

The recent gravitational wave merger event, GW190521, has challenged our understanding of the stellar-mass black hole (BH) formation. The primary and secondary BH are both inferred to fall inside the pair-instability (PI) mass gap. Here we…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2020-11-11 Mohammadtaher Safarzadeh , Zoltán Haiman

The recent discovery of the gravitational wave source GW150914 has revealed a coalescing binary black hole (BBH) with masses of $\sim 30~M_\odot$. Previous proposals for the origin of such a massive binary include Population III (PopIII)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2016-07-27 Kohei Inayoshi , Kazumi Kashiyama , Eli Visbal , Zoltan Haiman

The latest detection of GW231123, a binary black hole (BH) merger with exceptionally large masses and high spins for the incoming components, has been suggested as a smoking gun for hierarchical formation. In this scenario, a first…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-02-06 Jakob Stegmann , Aleksandra Olejak , Selma E. de Mink
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