Related papers: The 2025 Release of Cloudy
We describe the 2017 release of the spectral synthesis code Cloudy. A major development since the previous release has been exporting the atomic data into external data files. This greatly simplifies updates and maintenance of the data.…
This is a summary of the 2013 release of the plasma simulation code Cloudy. Cloudy models the ionization, chemical, and thermal state of material that may be exposed to an external radiation field or other source of heating, and predicts…
With the launch of the XRISM microcalorimeter mission, space-based X-ray observations will achieve a record spectral resolving power of $R\equiv E/\Delta E\sim$1200. With this resolving power, emission features associated with…
X-ray missions with microcalorimeter technology will resolve spectral features with unprecedented detail. In this work, we improve the H-like K$\alpha$ energies for elements between 6 $\leq Z \leq$ 30 for the release version of the spectral…
The upcoming X-ray missions based on the microcalorimeter technology require exquisite precision in spectral simulation codes in order to match the unprecedented spectral resolution. In this work, we improve the fluorescence K$\alpha$…
We announce the C23.01 update of Cloudy. This corrects a simple coding error, present since $\sim$ 1990, in one routine that required a conversion from the line-center to the mean normalization of the Ly$\alpha$ optical depth. This affects…
The gas that is present in the interstellar medium is usually very far removed from (local) thermodynamic equilibrium, and in some cases may also not be in a steady-state equilibrium with its surroundings. The physics of this material is…
We describe a new atomic and molecular database we developed for use in the spectral synthesis code Cloudy. The design of Stout is driven by the data needs of Cloudy, which simulates molecular, atomic, and ionized gas with kinetic…
We discuss new functionality of the spectral simulation code CLOUDY which allows the user to calculate grids with one or more initial parameters varied and formats the predicted spectra in the standard FITS format. These files can then be…
We present our current update on the gas-phase chemical reactions and spectral lines of TiO in the spectral synthesis code Cloudy. For this purpose, we have added 229 Ti-related reactions in the chemical network. In addition, we consider…
Here we present our current updates of the gas-phase chemical reaction rates and molecular lines in the spectral synthesis code CLOUDY, and its implications in spectroscopic modelling of various astrophysical environments. We include energy…
We present a simple, yet powerful column density diagnostic for plasmas enabled by X-ray microcalorimeter observations. With the recent developments of the spectral simulation code Cloudy, inspired by the high spectral resolution of the…
We developed a new quick pseudo-3D photoionization code based on Cloudy (G. Ferland) and IDL (RSI) tools. The code is running the 1D photoionization code Cloudy various times, changing at each run the input parameters (e.g. inner radius,…
We present improved synthesis models of the evolving spectrum of the UV/X-ray diffuse background, updating and extending our previous results. Five new main components are added to our radiative transfer code CUBA: (1) the sawtooth…
The COS Legacy Archive Spectroscopic SurveY (CLASSY) is designed to provide the community with a spectral atlas of 45 nearby star-forming galaxies which were chosen to cover similar properties as those seen at high-z (z>6). The prime high…
This paper describes the most important differences between Cloudy 90 and Cloudy 94, the most recent upgrade of the code which has now been posted on the WWW. It also describes the upgrade of the grain model in Cloudy which is currently…
The James Webb Space Telescope has ushered in an era of abundant high-redshift observations of young stellar populations characterized by strong emission lines, motivating us to integrate nebular emission into the new Maraston stellar…
Here we present our current update of CLOUDY on gas-phase chemical reactions for the formation and destruction of the SiS molecule, its energy levels, and collisional rate coefficients with H$_2$, H, and He over a wide range of…
Accounting for nebular emission when modeling galaxy spectral energy distributions (SEDs) is important, as both line and continuum emission can contribute significantly to the total observed flux. In this work, we present a new nebular…
Star-forming galaxies with strong nebular and collisional emission lines are privileged target galaxies in forthcoming cosmological large galaxy redshift surveys. We use the COSMOS2015 photometric catalog to model galaxy spectral energy…