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Large Language Models (LLMs) offer powerful capabilities for natural language understanding, enabling more intelligent smart home assistants. However, existing systems often rely on cloud-based LLMs, raising concerns around user privacy and…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Ziqi Yin , Mingxin Zhang , Daisuke Kawahara

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated impressive results on natural language tasks, and security researchers are beginning to employ them in both offensive and defensive systems. In cyber-security, there have been multiple research…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-03-05 Jiacen Xu , Jack W. Stokes , Geoff McDonald , Xuesong Bai , David Marshall , Siyue Wang , Adith Swaminathan , Zhou Li

In recent years, artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) are reshaping society's production methods and productivity, and also changing the paradigm of scientific research. Among them, the AI language model represented by…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2023-10-11 Haoxiang Luo , Jian Luo , Athanasios V. Vasilakos

Recently, Large Language Models (LLMs) have undergone a significant transformation, marked by a rapid rise in both their popularity and capabilities. Leading this evolution are proprietary LLMs like GPT-4 and GPT-o1, which have captured…

Large language models (LLMs) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP), but their size creates computational bottlenecks. We introduce a novel approach to create accurate, sparse foundational versions of performant LLMs that…

In this study, we propose a homotopy-inspired prompt obfuscation framework to enhance understanding of security and safety vulnerabilities in Large Language Models (LLMs). By systematically applying carefully engineered prompts, we…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Luis Lazo , Hamed Jelodar , Roozbeh Razavi-Far

In safety-critical software systems, cybersecurity activities become essential, with risk assessment being one of the most critical. In many software teams, cybersecurity experts are either entirely absent or represented by only a small…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Fikret Mert Gultekin , Oscar Lilja , Ranim Khojah , Rebekka Wohlrab , Marvin Damschen , Mazen Mohamad

Safety lies at the core of the development of Large Language Models (LLMs). There is ample work on aligning LLMs with human ethics and preferences, including data filtering in pretraining, supervised fine-tuning, reinforcement learning from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-27 Youliang Yuan , Wenxiang Jiao , Wenxuan Wang , Jen-tse Huang , Pinjia He , Shuming Shi , Zhaopeng Tu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated extraordinary capabilities and contributed to multiple fields, such as generating and summarizing text, language translation, and question-answering. Nowadays, LLM is becoming a very popular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-18 Badhan Chandra Das , M. Hadi Amini , Yanzhao Wu

The increasing deployment of large language models (LLMs) in the cybersecurity domain underscores the need for effective model selection and evaluation. However, traditional evaluation methods often overlook specific cybersecurity knowledge…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Dawei Wang , Geng Zhou , Xianglong Li , Yu Bai , Li Chen , Ting Qin , Jian Sun , Dan Li

Optimizing large language models (LLMs) for downstream use cases often involves the customization of pre-trained LLMs through further fine-tuning. Meta's open release of Llama models and OpenAI's APIs for fine-tuning GPT-3.5 Turbo on custom…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Xiangyu Qi , Yi Zeng , Tinghao Xie , Pin-Yu Chen , Ruoxi Jia , Prateek Mittal , Peter Henderson

While vision and multimodal foundation models underpin critical tasks from perception to complex reasoning, they remain highly vulnerable to adversarial attacks. However, traditional adversarial attacks are typically limited to single,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-20 Ye Sun , Xin Wang , Jiaming Zhang , Yifeng Gao , Yixu Wang , Yifan Ding , Qixian Zhang , Henghui Ding , Xingjun Ma , Yu-Gang Jiang

In recent years, there has been significant effort to align large language models with human preferences. This work focuses on developing a chatbot specialized in the real estate domain, with an emphasis on incorporating compliant behavior…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Navid Madani , Anusha Bagalkotkar , Supriya Anand , Gabriel Arnson , Rohini Srihari , Kenneth Joseph

This paper presents Llama Guard 3-1B-INT4, a compact and efficient Llama Guard model, which has been open-sourced to the community during Meta Connect 2024. We demonstrate that Llama Guard 3-1B-INT4 can be deployed on resource-constrained…

As large language models (LLMs) become increasingly integrated into real-world applications, scalable and rigorous safety evaluation is essential. This paper introduces Aymara AI, a programmatic platform for generating and administering…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Juan Manuel Contreras

A fundamental issue in deep learning has been adversarial robustness. As these systems have scaled, such issues have persisted. Currently, large language models (LLMs) with billions of parameters suffer from adversarial attacks just like…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Brian Formento , Chuan Sheng Foo , See-Kiong Ng

Recent studies on the safety alignment of large language models (LLMs) have revealed that existing approaches often operate superficially, leaving models vulnerable to various adversarial attacks. Despite their significance, these studies…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-02 Jianwei Li , Jung-Eun Kim

Large Language Models (LLMs) demand significant computational resources, making it essential to enhance their capabilities without retraining from scratch. A key challenge in this domain is \textit{catastrophic forgetting} (CF), which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Haichao Wei , Yunxiang Ren , Zhoutong Fu , Aman Lunia , Yi-Lin Chen , Alice Leung , Ya Xu

The rapid development of large language models (LLMs) has opened new avenues across various fields, including cybersecurity, which faces an evolving threat landscape and demand for innovative technologies. Despite initial explorations into…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-12-05 Jie Zhang , Haoyu Bu , Hui Wen , Yongji Liu , Haiqiang Fei , Rongrong Xi , Lun Li , Yun Yang , Hongsong Zhu , Dan Meng

Humans generally acquire new skills without compromising the old; however, the opposite holds for Large Language Models (LLMs), e.g., from LLaMA to CodeLLaMA. To this end, we propose a new post-pretraining method for LLMs with an expansion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-31 Chengyue Wu , Yukang Gan , Yixiao Ge , Zeyu Lu , Jiahao Wang , Ye Feng , Ying Shan , Ping Luo