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Transformers have emerged as the backbone of large language models (LLMs). However, generation remains inefficient due to the need to store in memory a cache of key-value representations for past tokens, whose size scales linearly with the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Piotr Nawrot , Adrian Łańcucki , Marcin Chochowski , David Tarjan , Edoardo M. Ponti

Large language models (LLMs) have shown great potential in code-related tasks, yet open-source models lag behind their closed-source counterparts. To bridge this performance gap, existing methods generate vast amounts of synthetic data for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-06 Weijie Lv , Xuan Xia , Sheng-Jun Huang

Communication has emerged as a critical bottleneck in the distributed training of large language models (LLMs). While numerous approaches have been proposed to reduce communication overhead, the potential of lossless compression has…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Wenxiang Lin , Xinglin Pan , Ruibo Fan , Shaohuai Shi , Xiaowen Chu

Standard fine-tuning of large pre-trained language models (PLMs) for downstream tasks requires updating hundreds of millions to billions of parameters, and storing a large copy of the PLM weights for every task resulting in increased cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-03 Yaqing Wang , Sahaj Agarwal , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Xiaodong Liu , Jing Gao , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah , Jianfeng Gao

Standard fine-tuning of large pre-trained language models (PLMs) for downstream tasks requires updating hundreds of millions to billions of parameters, and storing a large copy of the PLM weights for every task resulting in increased cost…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-11-07 Yaqing Wang , Sahaj Agarwal , Subhabrata Mukherjee , Xiaodong Liu , Jing Gao , Ahmed Hassan Awadallah , Jianfeng Gao

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit complementary strengths arising from differences in pretraining data, model architectures, and decoding behaviors. Inference-time ensembling provides a practical way to combine these capabilities without…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Chengming Cui , Tianxin Wei , Ziyi Chen , Ruizhong Qiu , Zhichen Zeng , Zhining Liu , Xuying Ning , Duo Zhou , Jingrui He

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) enhances large language models (LLMs) with external knowledge but incurs significant inference costs due to lengthy retrieved contexts. While context compression mitigates this issue, existing methods…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Shuyu Guo , Shuo Zhang , Zhaochun Ren

Large Language Models (LLMs) have made significant strides in Natural Language Processing and coding, yet they struggle with robustness and accuracy in complex function calls. To tackle these challenges, this paper introduces ADC, an…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Wei Zhang , Yi Zhang , Li Zhu , Qianghuai Jia , Feijun Jiang , Hongcheng Guo , Zhoujun Li , Mengping Zhou

Reinforcement Learning (RL)-based post-training has significantly advanced the complex reasoning capabilities of language models, fostering sophisticated self-reflection processes. However, this ``slow thinking'' paradigm presents a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-24 Xu Wan , Wei Wang , Wenyue Xu , Wotao Yin , Jie Song , Mingyang Sun

Recent research indicates that large language models (LLMs) are susceptible to jailbreaking attacks that can generate harmful content. This paper introduces a novel token-level attack method, Adaptive Dense-to-Sparse Constrained…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Kai Hu , Weichen Yu , Yining Li , Kai Chen , Tianjun Yao , Xiang Li , Wenhe Liu , Lijun Yu , Zhiqiang Shen , Matt Fredrikson

The adoption of Foundation Models in resource-constrained environments remains challenging due to their large size and inference costs. A promising way to overcome these limitations is post-training compression, which aims to balance…

Federated learning can train models without directly providing local data to the server. However, the frequent updating of the local model brings the problem of large communication overhead. Recently, scholars have achieved the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Ying Zhuansun , Dandan Li , Xiaohong Huang , Caijun Sun

Model compression is a critical technique to efficiently deploy neural network models on mobile devices which have limited computation resources and tight power budgets. Conventional model compression techniques rely on hand-crafted…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-04-05 Yihui He , Ji Lin , Zhijian Liu , Hanrui Wang , Li-Jia Li , Song Han

Optimizing large-language model (LLM) training on distributed domain-specific accelerator systems presents significant challenges due to its complex optimization space. Existing optimization methods, however, rely on time-consuming manual…

Multiagent Systems · Computer Science 2025-11-07 Yuran Ding , Xinwei Chen , Xiaofan Zhang , Zongwei Zhou

Modern large reasoning models demonstrate impressive problem-solving capabilities by employing sophisticated reasoning strategies. However, they often struggle to balance efficiency and effectiveness, frequently generating unnecessarily…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-23 Shijue Huang , Hongru Wang , Wanjun Zhong , Zhaochen Su , Jiazhan Feng , Bowen Cao , Yi R. Fung

Conventional continual pretraining (CPT) for large language model (LLM) domain adaptation often suffers from catastrophic forgetting and limited domain capacity. Existing strategies adopt layer expansion, introducing additional trainable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Jinyang Zhang , Yue Fang , Hongxin Ding , Weibin Liao , Muyang Ye , Xu Chu , Junfeng Zhao , Yasha Wang

In the training of large language models (LLMs), updating parameters more efficiently and stably has always been an important challenge. To achieve efficient parameter updates, existing methods usually achieve performance comparable to full…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Da Chang , Yu Li , Ganzhao Yuan

Long-context inputs in large language models (LLMs) often suffer from the "lost in the middle" problem, where critical information becomes diluted or ignored due to excessive length. Context compression methods aim to address this by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Xuancheng Li , Haitao Li , Yujia Zhou , Qingyao Ai , Yiqun Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) typically generate outputs token by token using a fixed compute budget, leading to inefficient resource utilization. To address this shortcoming, recent advancements in mixture of expert (MoE) models,…

Large Language Models (LLMs) need to adapt to the continuous changes in data, tasks, and user preferences. Due to their massive size and the high costs associated with training, LLMs are not suitable for frequent retraining. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-11 Dongfang Li , Zetian Sun , Xinshuo Hu , Baotian Hu , Min Zhang