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Within the context of Natural Language Processing (NLP), fairness evaluation is often associated with the assessment of bias and reduction of associated harm. In this regard, the evaluation is usually carried out by using a benchmark…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-23 Shalaka Satheesh , Katrin Klug , Katharina Beckh , Héctor Allende-Cid , Sebastian Houben , Teena Hassan

Large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated remarkable capabilities across a wide range of tasks in various domains. Despite their impressive performance, they can be unreliable due to factual errors in their generations. Assessing their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Jiahui Geng , Fengyu Cai , Yuxia Wang , Heinz Koeppl , Preslav Nakov , Iryna Gurevych

Large language models (LLMs) are increasingly fine-tuned on domain-specific datasets to support applications in fields such as healthcare, finance, and law. These fine-tuning datasets often have sensitive and confidential dataset-level…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Pengrun Huang , Chhavi Yadav , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Ruihan Wu

This paper presents a multi-stage framework for detecting reclaimed slurs in multilingual social media discourse. It addresses the challenge of identifying reclamatory versus non-reclamatory usage of LGBTQ+-related slurs across English,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-19 Barathi Ganesh HB , Michal Ptaszynski , Rene Melendez , Juuso Eronen

Do large language models (LLMs) exhibit any forms of awareness similar to humans? In this paper, we introduce AwareBench, a benchmark designed to evaluate awareness in LLMs. Drawing from theories in psychology and philosophy, we define…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Yuan Li , Yue Huang , Yuli Lin , Siyuan Wu , Yao Wan , Lichao Sun

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit superior performance on various natural language tasks, but they are susceptible to issues stemming from outdated data and domain-specific limitations. In order to address these challenges, researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-24 Zhangyin Feng , Weitao Ma , Weijiang Yu , Lei Huang , Haotian Wang , Qianglong Chen , Weihua Peng , Xiaocheng Feng , Bing Qin , Ting liu

Heterogeneous information networks (HIN) have gained increasing popularity in recent years for capturing complex relations between diverse types of nodes. Meta-structures are proposed as a useful tool to identify the important patterns in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Lin Chen , Fengli Xu , Nian Li , Zhenyu Han , Meng Wang , Yong Li , Pan Hui

As national security institutions increasingly integrate Artificial Intelligence (AI) into decision-making and content generation processes, understanding the inherent biases of large language models (LLMs) is crucial. This study presents a…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Benjamin Jensen , Ian Reynolds , Yasir Atalan , Michael Garcia , Austin Woo , Anthony Chen , Trevor Howarth

The emergence of Multimodal Large Language Models (MLLMs) has revolutionized image understanding by bridging textual and visual modalities. However, these models often struggle with capturing fine-grained semantic information, such as the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-16 Jie Yang , Wang Zeng , Sheng Jin , Lumin Xu , Wentao Liu , Chen Qian , Zhen Li , Ruimao Zhang

The rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has affected various disciplines that got beyond mere text generation. Going beyond their textual nature, this project proposal aims to investigate the interaction between LLMs and non-verbal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-01 Philipp Wicke

Accurately quantifying uncertainty in large language models (LLMs) is crucial for their reliable deployment, especially in high-stakes applications. Current state-of-the-art methods for measuring semantic uncertainty in LLMs rely on strict…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Yashvir S. Grewal , Edwin V. Bonilla , Thang D. Bui

The rapid development of AI-driven tools, particularly large language models (LLMs), is reshaping professional writing. Still, key aspects of their adoption such as languages support, ethics, and long-term impact on writers voice and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-31 Anastasiia Ivanova , Natalia Fedorova , Sergei Tilga , Ekaterina Artemova

Advances in large language models (LLMs) have enabled significant capabilities in audio processing, resulting in state-of-the-art models now known as Large Audio Language Models (LALMs). However, minimal work has been done to measure audio…

Sound · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Laya Iyer , Angelina Wang , Sanmi Koyejo

While pretrained language models ("LM") have driven impressive gains over morpho-syntactic and semantic tasks, their ability to model discourse and pragmatic phenomena is less clear. As a step towards a better understanding of their…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-03-19 Aili Shen , Meladel Mistica , Bahar Salehi , Hang Li , Timothy Baldwin , Jianzhong Qi

Despite their remarkable ability to capture linguistic nuances across diverse languages, questions persist regarding the degree of alignment between languages in multilingual embeddings. Drawing inspiration from research on high-dimensional…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-24 Basel Mousi , Nadir Durrani , Fahim Dalvi , Majd Hawasly , Ahmed Abdelali

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance in capabilities, it is essential to assess how they perform on established benchmarks. In this study, we present a suite of experiments to assess the performance of modern LLMs (ranging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chuck Arvin

This study investigates gender bias in large language models (LLMs) by comparing their gender perception to that of human respondents, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data, and a 50% no-bias benchmark. We created a new evaluation set using…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-22 Tetiana Bas

Previous works on Large Language Models (LLMs) have mainly focused on evaluating their helpfulness or harmlessness. However, honesty, another crucial alignment criterion, has received relatively less attention. Dishonest behaviors in LLMs,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-10 Steffi Chern , Zhulin Hu , Yuqing Yang , Ethan Chern , Yuan Guo , Jiahe Jin , Binjie Wang , Pengfei Liu

Large Language Models (LLMs) often exhibit social biases inherited from their training data. While existing benchmarks evaluate bias by term-based mode through direct term associations between demographic terms and bias terms, LLMs have…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-18 Jinhao Pan , Chahat Raj , Ziyu Yao , Ziwei Zhu

In recent years, written language, particularly in science and education, has undergone remarkable shifts in word usage. These changes are widely attributed to the growing influence of Large Language Models (LLMs), which frequently rely on…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Bryce Anderson , Riley Galpin , Tom S. Juzek