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While Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has proven beneficial for efficiently fine-tuning large models, LoRA fine-tuned text-to-image diffusion models lack diversity in the generated images, as the model tends to copy data from the observed…

To address data locality and privacy restrictions, Federated Learning (FL) has recently been adopted to fine-tune large language models (LLMs), enabling improved performance on various downstream tasks without requiring aggregated data.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Han Liu , Ruoyao Wen , Srijith Nair , Jia Liu , Wenjing Lou , Chongjie Zhang , William Yeoh , Yevgeniy Vorobeychik , Ning Zhang

Recent advancements in training paradigms for Large Language Models (LLMs) have unlocked their remarkable capabilities in natural language processing and cross-domain generalization. While LLMs excel in tasks like programming and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-01 Yuan Huang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning methods like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) have become essential for deploying large language models, yet their static parameter allocation remains suboptimal for inputs of varying complexity. We present…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Zongqian Li , Yixuan Su , Han Zhou , Zihao Fu , Nigel Collier

The scaling law of Large Language Models (LLMs) reveals a power-law relationship, showing diminishing return on performance as model scale increases. While training LLMs from scratch is resource-intensive, fine-tuning a pre-trained model…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-22 Yiyun Zhou , Chang Yao , Jingyuan Chen

While Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) enables parameter-efficient fine-tuning for Large Language Models (LLMs), its performance often falls short of Full Fine-Tuning (Full FT). Current methods optimize LoRA by initializing with static singular…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-04 Chenghao Fan , Zhenyi Lu , Sichen Liu , Chengfeng Gu , Xiaoye Qu , Wei Wei , Yu Cheng

Despite large neural networks demonstrating remarkable abilities to complete different tasks, they require excessive memory usage to store the optimization states for training. To alleviate this, the low-rank adaptation (LoRA) is proposed…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-14 Yongchang Hao , Yanshuai Cao , Lili Mou

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has become a widely used method for parameter-efficient fine-tuning of large-scale, pre-trained neural networks. However, LoRA and its extensions face several challenges, including the need for rank adaptivity,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-25 Steffen Schotthöfer , Emanuele Zangrando , Gianluca Ceruti , Francesco Tudisco , Jonas Kusch

Fine-tuning pre-trained large language models in a parameter-efficient manner is widely studied for its effectiveness and efficiency. The popular method of low-rank adaptation (LoRA) offers a notable approach, hypothesizing that the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-11-21 Ning Ding , Xingtai Lv , Qiaosen Wang , Yulin Chen , Bowen Zhou , Zhiyuan Liu , Maosong Sun

With the breakthrough of Transformer-based pre-trained models, the demand for fine-tuning (FT) to adapt the base pre-trained models to downstream applications continues to grow, so it is essential for service providers to reduce the cost of…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Sheng Lin , Fangcheng Fu , Haoyang Li , Hao Ge , Xuanyu Wang , Jiawen Niu , Yaofeng Tu , Bin Cui

The persistent challenge of medical image synthesis posed by the scarcity of annotated data and the need to synthesize `missing modalities' for multi-modal analysis, underscored the imperative development of effective synthesis methods.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Yuchen Mao , Hongwei Li , Wei Pang , Giorgos Papanastasiou , Guang Yang , Chengjia Wang

While parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) techniques like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) offer computationally efficient adaptations of Large Language Models (LLMs), their practical deployment often assumes centralized data and training…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Sajjad Ghiasvand , Mahnoosh Alizadeh , Ramtin Pedarsani

Fine-tuning large language models (LLMs) is increasingly costly as models scale to hundreds of billions of parameters, and even parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods like LoRA remain resource-intensive. We introduce LowRA, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Zikai Zhou , Qizheng Zhang , Hermann Kumbong , Kunle Olukotun

In recent years, Large Language Models (LLMs) through Transformer structures have dominated many machine learning tasks, especially text processing. However, these models require massive amounts of data for training and induce high resource…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-17 Kilian Pfeiffer , Mohamed Aboelenien Ahmed , Ramin Khalili , Jörg Henkel

Large Language Models (LLMs) are pivotal in natural language processing. The impracticality of full fine-tuning has prompted Parameter-Efficient Fine-Tuning (PEFT) methods like Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), optimizing low-rank matrices A and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Jiayu Huang , Xiaohu Wu , Tiantian He , Qicheng Lao

In this paper, we present Delta-LoRA, which is a novel parameter-efficient approach to fine-tune large language models (LLMs). In contrast to LoRA and other low-rank adaptation methods such as AdaLoRA, Delta-LoRA not only updates the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-06 Bojia Zi , Xianbiao Qi , Lingzhi Wang , Jianan Wang , Kam-Fai Wong , Lei Zhang

Parameter-efficient fine-tuning (PEFT) methods, such as LoRA, offer compact and effective alternatives to full model fine-tuning by introducing low-rank updates to pre-trained weights. However, most existing approaches rely on global low…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-25 Babak Barazandeh , Subhabrata Majumdar , Om Rajyaguru , George Michailidis

While post-training compression techniques effectively reduce the memory footprint, latency, and power consumption of Large Language Models (LLMs), they often result in noticeable accuracy degradation and remain limited by hardware and…

Fine-tuning large vision models (LVMs) and large language models (LLMs) under differentially private federated learning (DPFL) is hindered by a fundamental privacy-utility trade-off. Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA), a promising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Jin Liu , Yinbin Miao , Ning Xi , Junkang Liu

Low-Rank Adaptation (LoRA) has emerged as a widely adopted technique in text-to-image models, enabling precise rendering of multiple distinct elements, such as characters and styles, in multi-concept image generation. However, current…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-02-10 Xiandong Zou , Mingzhu Shen , Christos-Savvas Bouganis , Yiren Zhao