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General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) is a fundamental operation widely used in scientific computations. Its performance and accuracy significantly impact the performance and accuracy of applications that depend on it. One such application…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Fumiya Kono , Naohito Nakasato , Maho Nakata

This study explores the use of INT8-based emulation for accelerating traditional FP64-based HPC workloads on modern GPU architectures. Through SCILIB-Accel automatic BLAS offload tool for cache-coherent Unified Memory Architecture, we…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Hang Liu , Junjie Li , Yinzhi Wang , Niraj K. Nepal , Yang Wang

In recent years fused-multiply-add (FMA) units with lower-precision multiplications and higher-precision accumulation have proven useful in machine learning/artificial intelligence applications, most notably in training deep neural networks…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2019-04-16 Greg Henry , Ping Tak Peter Tang , Alexander Heinecke

The rapid adoption of low-precision arithmetic in artificial intelligence and edge computing has created a strong demand for energy-efficient and flexible floating-point multiply-accumulate (MAC) units. This paper presents a dual-precision…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-04-10 Shubham Kumar , Vijay Pratap Sharma , Vaibhav Neema , Santosh Kumar Vishvakarma

General sparse matrix-matrix multiplication (SpGEMM) is an integral part of many scientific computing, high-performance computing (HPC), and graph analytic applications. This paper presents a new compressed sparse vector (CSV) format for…

Performance · Computer Science 2021-12-21 Erfan Bank Tavakoli , Michael Riera , Masudul Hassan Quraishi , Fengbo Ren

FPGA is appropriate for fix-point neural networks computing due to high power efficiency and configurability. However, its design must be intensively refined to achieve high performance using limited hardware resources. We present an…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-01-03 Qingyang Yi , Heming Sun , Masahiro Fujita

Tensor Core is a mixed-precision matrix-matrix multiplication unit on NVIDIA GPUs with a theoretical peak performance of more than 300 TFlop/s on Ampere architectures. Tensor Cores were developed in response to the high demand of dense…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-10-19 Hiroyuki Ootomo , Rio Yokota

Emerging deep learning workloads urgently need fast general matrix multiplication (GEMM). To meet such demand, one of the critical features of machine-learning-specific accelerators such as NVIDIA Tensor Cores, AMD Matrix Cores, and Google…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2023-11-13 Bo Fang , Xinyi Li , Harvey Dam , Cheng Tan , Siva Kumar Sastry Hari , Timothy Tsai , Ignacio Laguna , Dingwen Tao , Ganesh Gopalakrishnan , Prashant Nair , Kevin Barker , Ang Li

Multiplication is a core operation in modern neural network (NN) computations, contributing significantly to energy consumption. The linear-complexity multiplication (L-Mul) algorithm is specifically proposed as an approximate…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-30 Ruiqi Chen , Yangxintong Lyu , Han Bao , Bruno da Silva

In this paper, we discuss numerical methods for the eigenvalue decomposition of real symmetric matrices. While many existing methods can compute approximate eigenpairs with sufficiently small backward errors, the magnitude of the resulting…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-02-24 Takeshi Terao , Katsuhisa Ozaki

A lot of recent progress has been made in ultra low-bit quantization, promising significant improvements in latency, memory footprint and energy consumption on edge devices. Quantization methods such as Learned Step Size Quantization can…

On modern architectures, the performance of 32-bit operations is often at least twice as fast as the performance of 64-bit operations. By using a combination of 32-bit and 64-bit floating point arithmetic, the performance of many dense and…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2015-05-13 Marc Baboulin , Alfredo Buttari , Jack Dongarra , Jakub Kurzak , Julie Langou , Julien Langou , Piotr Luszczek , Stanimire Tomov

In modern low-power embedded platforms, floating-point (FP) operations emerge as a major contributor to the energy consumption of compute-intensive applications with large dynamic range. Experimental evidence shows that 50% of the energy…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2017-11-29 Giuseppe Tagliavini , Stefan Mach , Davide Rossi , Andrea Marongiu , Luca Benini

General Matrix Multiplication (GEMM) has a wide range of applications in scientific simulation and artificial intelligence. Although traditional libraries can achieve high performance on large regular-shaped GEMMs, they often behave not…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-08-12 Shangfei Yin , Qinglin Wang , Ruochen Hao , Tianyang Zhou , Songzhu Mei , Jie Liu

Finite-element (FE) discretisations have emerged as a powerful real-space alternative to large-scale Kohn-Sham density functional theory (DFT) calculations, offering systematic convergence, excellent parallel scalability, while…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-12-11 Gourab Panigrahi , Phani Motamarri

Quantum circuit simulation provides the foundation for the development of quantum algorithms and the verification of quantum supremacy. Among the various methods for quantum circuit simulation, tensor network contraction has been increasing…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-07-11 Hiroyuki Ootomo , Hidetaka Manabe , Kenji Harada , Rio Yokota

Numerical codes that require arbitrary precision floating point (APFP) numbers for their core computation are dominated by elementary arithmetic operations due to the super-linear complexity of multiplication in the number of mantissa bits.…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2022-04-14 Johannes de Fine Licht , Christopher A. Pattison , Alexandros Nikolaos Ziogas , David Simmons-Duffin , Torsten Hoefler

Matrix multiplication is a fundamental operation in both training of neural networks and inference. To accelerate matrix multiplication, Graphical Processing Units (GPUs) provide it implemented in hardware. Due to the increased throughput…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Faizan A. Khattak , Mantas Mikaitis

Tensor Cores have been an important unit to accelerate Fused Matrix Multiplication Accumulation (MMA) in all NVIDIA GPUs since Volta Architecture. To program Tensor Cores, users have to use either legacy wmma APIs or current mma APIs.…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2022-11-29 Wei Sun , Ang Li , Tong Geng , Sander Stuijk , Henk Corporaal

This paper lays out insights and opportunities for implementing higher-precision matrix-matrix multiplication (GEMM) from (in terms of) lower-precision high-performance GEMM. The driving case study approximates double-double precision…

Mathematical Software · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Devangi N. Parikh , Robert A. van de Geijn , Greg M. Henry