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Spiking neural networks (SNNs) offer a promising energy-efficient alternative to artificial neural networks, due to their event-driven spiking computation. However, some foundation SNN backbones (including Spikformer and SEW ResNet) suffer…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-11-14 Chenlin Zhou , Liutao Yu , Zhaokun Zhou , Han Zhang , Jiaqi Wang , Huihui Zhou , Zhengyu Ma , Yonghong Tian

Feedback-driven recurrent spiking neural networks (RSNNs) are powerful computational models that can mimic dynamical systems. However, the presence of a feedback loop from the readout to the recurrent layer de-stabilizes the learning…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-05-30 Ankita Paul , Stefan Wagner , Anup Das

ANN-to-SNN conversion offers a practical, training-free route to spiking large language models. However, current pipelines primarily focus on spike-driven realizations for Transformer linear-algebra operations, while providing limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Xinzhe Yuan , Xiang Peng , Bin Gu , Huan Xiong

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are seen as an energy-efficient alternative to traditional Artificial Neural Networks (ANNs), but the performance gap remains a challenge. While this gap is narrowing through ANN-to-SNN conversion, substantial…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Ziqing Wang , Yuetong Fang , Jiahang Cao , Hongwei Ren , Renjing Xu

Video analysis is a major computer vision task that has received a lot of attention in recent years. The current state-of-the-art performance for video analysis is achieved with Deep Neural Networks (DNNs) that have high computational costs…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-09-25 Mireille El-Assal , Pierre Tirilly , Ioan Marius Bilasco

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are valued for their ability to process spatio-temporal information efficiently, offering biological plausibility, low energy consumption, and compatibility with neuromorphic hardware. However, the commonly…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Tianqing Zhang , Kairong Yu , Jian Zhang , Hongwei Wang

Integrating Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) with Transformer architectures offers a promising pathway to balance energy efficiency and performance, particularly for edge vision applications. However, existing Spiking Transformers face two…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-23 Dehao Zhang , Fukai Guo , Shuai Wang , Jingya Wang , Jieyuan Zhang , Yimeng Shan , Malu Zhang , Yang Yang , Haizhou Li

Reinforcement learning agents based on Transformer architectures have achieved impressive performance on sequential decision-making tasks, but their reliance on dense matrix operations makes them ill-suited for energy-constrained,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-01 Vishal Pandey , Debasmita Biswas

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) are the third generation of neural networks and can explore both rate and temporal coding for energy-efficient event-driven computation. However, the decision accuracy of existing SNN designs is contingent…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-02-25 Changqing Xu , Wenrui Zhang , Yu Liu , Peng Li

Time-To-First-Spike (TTFS) coding in Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offers significant advantages in terms of energy efficiency, closely mimicking the behavior of biological neurons. In this work, we delve into the role of skip connections,…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-12-05 Youngeun Kim , Adar Kahana , Ruokai Yin , Yuhang Li , Panos Stinis , George Em Karniadakis , Priyadarshini Panda

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) are well known as a promising energy-efficient alternative to conventional artificial neural networks. Subject to the preconceived impression that SNNs are sparse firing, the analysis and optimization of…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Man Yao , Jiakui Hu , Guangshe Zhao , Yaoyuan Wang , Ziyang Zhang , Bo Xu , Guoqi Li

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) have gained significant attention as a potentially energy-efficient alternative for standard neural networks with their sparse binary activation. However, SNNs suffer from memory and computation overhead due…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2026-03-09 Donghyun Lee , Ruokai Yin , Youngeun Kim , Abhishek Moitra , Yuhang Li , Priyadarshini Panda

Neuromorphic computing is an emerging technology enabling low-latency and energy-efficient signal processing. A key algorithmic tool in neuromorphic computing is spiking neural networks (SNNs). SNNs are biologically inspired neural networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Sanja Karilanova , Subhrakanti Dey , Ayça Özçelikkale

Spiking neural networks (SNN) as time-dependent hypotheses consisting of spiking nodes (neurons) and directed edges (synapses) are believed to offer unique solutions to reward prediction tasks and the related feedback that are classified as…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2018-10-17 Doo Seok Jeong

Spiking neural networks (SNNs) have shown clear advantages over traditional artificial neural networks (ANNs) for low latency and high computational efficiency, due to their event-driven nature and sparse communication. However, the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2020-07-03 Jibin Wu , Chenglin Xu , Daquan Zhou , Haizhou Li , Kay Chen Tan

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), as one of the brain-inspired models, has spatio-temporal information processing capability, low power feature, and high biological plausibility. The effective spatio-temporal feature makes it suitable for…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2022-03-21 Changqing Xu , Yi Liu , Yintang Yang

Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs) offer a biologically inspired computational paradigm that emulates neuronal activity through discrete spike-based processing. Despite their advantages, training SNNs with traditional backpropagation (BP)…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2025-05-28 Mohammadnavid Ghader , Saeed Reza Kheradpisheh , Bahar Farahani , Mahmood Fazlali

In the domain of dynamic graph representation learning (DGRL), the efficient and comprehensive capture of temporal evolution within real-world networks is crucial. Spiking Neural Networks (SNNs), known as their temporal dynamics and…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Dong Chen , Shuai Zheng , Muhao Xu , Zhenfeng Zhu , Yao Zhao

We present new theoretical foundations for unsupervised Spike-Timing-Dependent Plasticity (STDP) learning in spiking neural networks (SNNs). In contrast to empirical parameter search used in most previous works, we provide novel theoretical…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-02-23 Ali Safa , Ilja Ocket , André Bourdoux , Hichem Sahli , Francky Catthoor , Georges Gielen

Spiking neural networks (SNNs), known for their low-power, event-driven computation and intrinsic temporal dynamics, are emerging as promising solutions for processing dynamic, asynchronous signals from event-based sensors. Despite their…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Rui Zhang , Luziwei Leng , Kaiwei Che , Hu Zhang , Jie Cheng , Qinghai Guo , Jiangxing Liao , Ran Cheng