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Generative design refers to computational design methods that can automatically conduct design exploration under constraints defined by designers. Among many approaches, topology optimization-based generative designs aim to explore diverse…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Seowoo Jang , Soyoung Yoo , Namwoo Kang

Recently, test-time scaling Large Language Models (LLMs) have demonstrated exceptional reasoning capabilities across scientific and professional tasks by generating long chains-of-thought (CoT). As a crucial component for developing these…

Inverse Reinforcement Learning (IRL) learns a reward function to explain expert demonstrations. Modern IRL methods often use the adversarial (minimax) formulation that alternates between reward and policy optimization, which often lead to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yang Chen , Menglin Zou , Jiaqi Zhang , Yitan Zhang , Junyi Yang , Gael Gendron , Libo Zhang , Jiamou Liu , Michael J. Witbrock

Morphology-control co-design concerns the coupled optimization of an agent's body structure and control policy. This problem exhibits a bi-level structure, where the control dynamically adapts to the morphology to maximize performance.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Yanning Dai , Yuhui Wang , Dylan R. Ashley , Jürgen Schmidhuber

By leveraging differentiable dynamics, Reparameterization Policy Gradient (RPG) achieves high sample efficiency. However, current approaches are hindered by two critical limitations: the under-utilization of computationally expensive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-09 Hai Zhong , Xun Wang , Zhuoran Li , Longbo Huang

Solving tasks in Reinforcement Learning is no easy feat. As the goal of the agent is to maximize the accumulated reward, it often learns to exploit loopholes and misspecifications in the reward signal resulting in unwanted behavior. While…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-27 Chen Tessler , Daniel J. Mankowitz , Shie Mannor

We present Anchored Direct Preference Optimization (ADPO), a policy alignment method derived from first principles of KL-regularized reinforcement learning. Unlike standard approaches that treat the reference policy merely as a regularizer,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Wang Zixian

We propose Orthogonalized Policy Optimization (OPO), a principled framework for large language model alignment derived from optimization in the Hilbert function space L2(pi_k). Lifting policy updates from the probability simplex into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-26 Wang Zixian

The effectiveness of Direct Preference Optimization (DPO) depends on preference data that reflect the quality differences that matter in multimodal tasks. Existing pipelines often rely on off-policy perturbations or coarse outcome-based…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-15 Ya-Qi Yu , Fangyu Hong , Xiangyang Qu , Hao Wang , Gaojie Wu , Qiaoyu Luo , Nuo Xu , Huixin Wang , Wuheng Xu , Yongxin Liao , Zihao Chen , Haonan Li , Ziming Li , Dezhi Peng , Minghui Liao , Jihao Wu , Haoyu Ren , Dandan Tu

While Reinforcement Learning (RL) shows promise in training tool-use Large Language Models (LLMs) using verifiable outcome rewards, existing methods largely overlook the potential of reasoning rewards based on chain-of-thought quality for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zihan Lin , Xiaohan Wang , Hexiong Yang , Jiajun Chai , Jie Cao , Guojun Yin , Wei Lin , Ran He

Reinforcement learning (RL) has demonstrated the ability to maintain the plasticity of the policy throughout short-term training in aerial robot control. However, these policies have been shown to loss of plasticity when extended to…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-03-11 Ali Tahir Karasahin , Ziniu Wu , Basaran Bahadir Kocer

Offline reinforcement learning (RL) refers to the problem of learning policies entirely from a large batch of previously collected data. This problem setting offers the promise of utilizing such datasets to acquire policies without any…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-24 Tianhe Yu , Garrett Thomas , Lantao Yu , Stefano Ermon , James Zou , Sergey Levine , Chelsea Finn , Tengyu Ma

Reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are increasingly used to solve the optimal power flow (OPF) problem. Yet, the question of how to design RL environments to maximize training performance remains unanswered, both for the OPF and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Thomas Wolgast , Astrid Nieße

In many sequential decision making tasks, it is challenging to design reward functions that help an RL agent efficiently learn behavior that is considered good by the agent designer. A number of different formulations of the reward-design…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2018-06-25 Zeyu Zheng , Junhyuk Oh , Satinder Singh

Policy optimization methods are one of the most widely used classes of Reinforcement Learning (RL) algorithms. Yet, so far, such methods have been mostly analyzed from an optimization perspective, without addressing the problem of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-19 Yonathan Efroni , Lior Shani , Aviv Rosenberg , Shie Mannor

Federated Reinforcement Learning (FRL) has been deemed as a promising solution for intelligent decision-making in the era of Artificial Internet of Things. However, existing FRL approaches often entail repeated interactions with the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-30 Sheng Yue , Zerui Qin , Xingyuan Hua , Yongheng Deng , Ju Ren

A fundamental challenge in model-based offline reinforcement learning (RL) lies in the trade-off between generalization and robustness against exploitation errors in out-of-distribution (OOD) regions. While OOD samples may capture valid…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Hongqiang Lin , Dongxu Zhang , Yiding Sun , Mingzhe Li , Ning Yang , Haijun Zhang

Instruction-guided image editing requires balancing target modification with non-target preservation. Recently, flow-based models have emerged as a strong and increasingly adopted backbone for instruction-guided image editing, thanks to…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-04-13 Zhuohan Ouyang , Zhe Qian , Wenhuo Cui , Chaoqun Wang

Traditional RL algorithms like Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) typically train on the entire rollout buffer, operating under the assumption that all generated episodes provide a beneficial optimization signal. However, these episodes…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Dong Shu , Denghui Zhang , Jessica Hullman

Policy Optimization (PO) is a widely used approach to address continuous control tasks. In this paper, we introduce the notion of mediator feedback that frames PO as an online learning problem over the policy space. The additional available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-16 Alberto Maria Metelli , Matteo Papini , Pierluca D'Oro , Marcello Restelli