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Emerging large reasoning models (LRMs), such as DeepSeek-R1 models, leverage long chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning to generate structured intermediate steps, enhancing their reasoning capabilities. However, long CoT does not inherently…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Fengqing Jiang , Zhangchen Xu , Yuetai Li , Luyao Niu , Zhen Xiang , Bo Li , Bill Yuchen Lin , Radha Poovendran

This paper introduces STAR-1, a high-quality, just-1k-scale safety dataset specifically designed for large reasoning models (LRMs) like DeepSeek-R1. Built on three core principles -- diversity, deliberative reasoning, and rigorous filtering…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-12 Zijun Wang , Haoqin Tu , Yuhan Wang , Juncheng Wu , Yanqing Liu , Jieru Mei , Brian R. Bartoldson , Bhavya Kailkhura , Cihang Xie

Reasoning Language Models (RLMs) have gained traction for their ability to perform complex, multi-step reasoning tasks through mechanisms such as Chain-of-Thought (CoT) prompting or fine-tuned reasoning traces. While these capabilities…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-04 Riccardo Cantini , Nicola Gabriele , Alessio Orsino , Domenico Talia

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have accelerated progress toward artificial general intelligence, yet their potential to generate harmful content poses critical safety challenges. Existing alignment methods often…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Kehua Feng , Keyan Ding , Yuhao Wang , Menghan Li , Fanjunduo Wei , Xinda Wang , Qiang Zhang , Huajun Chen

Reasoning methods that adaptively allocate test-time compute have advanced LLM performance on easy to verify domains such as math and code. In this work, we study how to utilize this approach to train models that exhibit a degree of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-28 Taeyoun Kim , Fahim Tajwar , Aditi Raghunathan , Aviral Kumar

The rapid advancement of multi-modal large reasoning models (MLRMs) -- enhanced versions of multimodal language models (MLLMs) equipped with reasoning capabilities -- has revolutionized diverse applications. However, their safety…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-15 Junfeng Fang , Yukai Wang , Ruipeng Wang , Zijun Yao , Kun Wang , An Zhang , Xiang Wang , Tat-Seng Chua

Enhancing the reasoning capabilities of large language models (LLMs) typically relies on massive computational resources and extensive datasets, limiting accessibility for resource-constrained settings. Our study investigates the potential…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Quy-Anh Dang , Chris Ngo

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have achieved tremendous success with their chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning, yet also face safety issues similar to those of basic language models. In particular, while algorithms are designed to guide them to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Zeming Wei , Qiaosheng Zhang , Xia Hu , Xingcheng Xu

Large reasoning models (LRMs) with multi-step reasoning capabilities have shown remarkable problem-solving abilities, yet they exhibit concerning safety vulnerabilities that remain poorly understood. In this work, we investigate why safety…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Qingyu Yin , Chak Tou Leong , Linyi Yang , Wenxuan Huang , Wenjie Li , Xiting Wang , Jaehong Yoon , YunXing , XingYu , Jinjin Gu

Large reasoning models (LRMs) are proficient at generating explicit, step-by-step reasoning sequences before producing final answers. However, such detailed reasoning can introduce substantial computational overhead and latency,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-10 Songjun Tu , Jiahao Lin , Qichao Zhang , Xiangyu Tian , Linjing Li , Xiangyuan Lan , Dongbin Zhao

Large language models (LLMs) excel in various capabilities but pose safety risks such as generating harmful content and misinformation, even after safety alignment. In this paper, we explore the inner mechanisms of safety alignment through…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jianhui Chen , Xiaozhi Wang , Zijun Yao , Yushi Bai , Lei Hou , Juanzi Li

Reinforcement learning (RL) based post-training for explicit chain-of-thought (e.g., GRPO) improves the reasoning ability of multimodal large-scale reasoning models (MLRMs). But recent evidence shows that it can simultaneously degrade…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-12 Soumya Suvra Ghosal , Souradip Chakraborty , Vaibhav Singh , Furong Huang , Dinesh Manocha , Amrit Singh Bedi

Large language models (LLMs)-empowered web agents enables automating complex, real-time web navigation tasks in enterprise environments. However, existing web agents relying on supervised fine-tuning (SFT) often struggle with generalization…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Yuchen Zhuang , Di Jin , Jiaao Chen , Wenqi Shi , Hanrui Wang , Chao Zhang

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) face a distinct safety vulnerability: their internal reasoning chains may generate harmful content even when the final output appears benign. To address this overlooked risk, we first propose a novel attack…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Jianhao Chen , Mayi Xu , Haoyang Chen , Xiaohu Li , Xiangyu Zhang , Jianjie Huang , Zheng Wang , Xiaochun Cao , Tieyun Qian

Emerging Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) consistently excel in mathematical and reasoning tasks, showcasing remarkable capabilities. However, the enhancement of reasoning abilities and the exposure of internal reasoning processes introduce…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-10-24 Jingyuan Ma , Rui Li , Zheng Li , Junfeng Liu , Heming Xia , Lei Sha , Zhifang Sui

As large reasoning models (LRMs) grow more capable, chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning introduces new safety challenges. Existing SFT-based safety alignment studies dominantly focused on filtering prompts with safe, high-quality responses,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-31 Raj Vardhan Tomar , Preslav Nakov , Yuxia Wang

The ability of large language models (LLMs) to follow user instructions is central to their reliability, safety, and usefulness. While prior studies assess instruction adherence in the model's main responses, we argue that it is also…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Yongchan Kwon , Shang Zhu , Federico Bianchi , Kaitlyn Zhou , James Zou

Reasoning language models improve performance on complex tasks by generating long chains of thought (CoTs), but this process can also increase harmful outputs in adversarial settings. In this work, we ask whether the long CoTs can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Yik Siu Chan , Zheng-Xin Yong , Stephen H. Bach

To enhance the safety of VLMs, this paper introduces a novel reasoning-based VLM guard model dubbed GuardReasoner-VL. The core idea is to incentivize the guard model to deliberatively reason before making moderation decisions via online RL.…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-05-19 Yue Liu , Shengfang Zhai , Mingzhe Du , Yulin Chen , Tri Cao , Hongcheng Gao , Cheng Wang , Xinfeng Li , Kun Wang , Junfeng Fang , Jiaheng Zhang , Bryan Hooi

Large Reasoning Models (LRMs) have demonstrated remarkable performance on tasks such as mathematics and code generation. Motivated by these strengths, recent work has empirically demonstrated the effectiveness of LRMs as guard models in…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Jiawei Zhao , Yuang Qi , Weiming Zhang , Nenghai Yu , Kejiang Chen