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Large Language Model (LLM) systems have been at the forefront of applied Artificial Intelligence (AI) research in a multitude of domains. One such domain is software development, where researchers have pushed the automation of a number of…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Vali Tawosi , Salwa Alamir , Xiaomo Liu , Manuela Veloso

Bug localization in multi-repository microservice architectures is challenging due to the semantic gap between natural language bug reports and code, LLM context limitations, and the need to first identify the correct repository. We propose…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-08 Amirkia Rafiei Oskooei , S. Selcan Yukcu , Mehmet Cevheri Bozoglan , Mehmet S. Aktas

Evaluating Large Language Models (LLMs) with respect to real-world code complexity is essential. Otherwise, there is a risk of overestimating LLMs' programming abilities based on simplistic benchmarks, only to be disappointed when using…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Yang Chen , Shuyang Liu , Reyhaneh Jabbarvand

Despite limited success in large language model (LLM)-based register-transfer-level (RTL) code generation, the root causes of errors remain poorly understood. To address this, we conduct a comprehensive error analysis, finding that most…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Jiazheng Zhang , Cheng Liu , Long Cheng , Xiaowei Li , Huawei Li

Large-scale test collections play a crucial role in Information Retrieval (IR) research. However, according to the Cranfield paradigm and the research into publicly available datasets, the existing information retrieval research studies are…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-28 Hossein A. Rahmani , Xi Wang , Emine Yilmaz , Nick Craswell , Bhaskar Mitra , Paul Thomas

In this chapter, we consider generative information retrieval evaluation from two distinct but interrelated perspectives. First, large language models (LLMs) themselves are rapidly becoming tools for evaluation, with current research…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Marwah Alaofi , Negar Arabzadeh , Charles L. A. Clarke , Mark Sanderson

IR-based fault localization approaches achieves promising results when locating faulty files by comparing a bug report with source code. Unfortunately, they become less effective to locate faulty methods. We conduct a preliminary study to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-03-22 Shouliang Yang , Junming Cao , Hushuang Zeng , Beijun Shen , Hao Zhong

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved impressive progress in natural language processing, but their limited ability to retain long-term context constrains performance on document-level or multi-turn tasks. Retrieval-Augmented…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Zhangyu Wang , Siyuan Gao , Rong Zhou , Hao Wang , Li Ning

Recent findings suggest that Information Retrieval (IR)-based bug localization techniques do not perform well if the bug report lacks rich structured information (eg relevant program entity names). Conversely, excessive structured…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-08-03 Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Chanchal K. Roy

Tool learning aims to enhance and expand large language models' (LLMs) capabilities with external tools, which has gained significant attention recently. Current methods have shown that LLMs can effectively handle a certain amount of tools…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-01 Qiancheng Xu , Yongqi Li , Heming Xia , Wenjie Li

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly applied to automated software testing, yet their ability to generalize beyond memorized patterns and reason about natural language bug reports remains unclear. We present a systematic evaluation…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Irtaza Sajid Qureshi , Zhen Ming , Jiang

Programming is a core skill in computer science and software engineering (SE), yet identifying and resolving code errors remains challenging for both novice and experienced developers. While Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Md Faizul Ibne Amin , Yutaka Watanobe , Md. Mostafizer Rahman , Daniel M. Muepu , Md. Shahajada Mia

A wealth of operational intelligence is locked within the unstructured free-text of wind turbine maintenance logs, a resource largely inaccessible to traditional quantitative reliability analysis. While machine learning has been applied to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-29 Max Malyi , Jonathan Shek , Andre Biscaya

Query reformulation is a well-known problem in Information Retrieval (IR) aimed at enhancing single search successful completion rate by automatically modifying user's input query. Recent methods leverage Large Language Models (LLMs) to…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Wonduk Seo , Haojie Zhang , Yueyang Zhang , Changhao Zhang , Songyao Duan , Lixin Su , Daiting Shi , Jiashu Zhao , Dawei Yin

Context: Given a bug report and source code of the project, bug localization can help developers to focus on fixing probable buggy files rather than searching the entire source code repository. While existing research uses information…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-11-09 Shubham Sangle , Sandeep Muvva , Sridhar Chimalakonda , Karthikeyan Ponnalagu , Vijendran Gopalan Venkoparao

In-context learning (ICL) enables large language models (LLMs) to adapt to new tasks during inference using only a few demonstrations. However, ICL performance is highly dependent on the selection of these demonstrations. Recent work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Zheng Zhang , Shaocheng Lan , Lei Song , Jiang Bian , Yexin Li , Kan Ren

Recent studies proposed to leverage large language models (LLMs) with In-Context Learning (ICL) to handle code intelligence tasks without fine-tuning. ICL employs task instructions and a set of examples as demonstrations to guide the model…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-10-16 Jiawei Lu , Haoye Wang , Zhongxin Liu , Keyu Liang , Lingfeng Bao , Xiaohu Yang

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) has shown impressive capability in providing reliable answer predictions and addressing hallucination problems. A typical RAG implementation uses powerful retrieval models to extract external information…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Ziwei Liu , Liang Zhang , Qian Li , Jianghua Wu , Guangxu Zhu

Being light-weight and cost-effective, IR-based approaches for bug localization have shown promise in finding software bugs. However, the accuracy of these approaches heavily depends on their used bug reports. A significant number of bug…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2021-09-01 Mohammad Masudur Rahman , Foutse Khomh , Shamima Yeasmin , Chanchal K. Roy

Large language models (LLMs) exhibit strong semantic understanding, yet struggle when user instructions involve ambiguous or conceptually misaligned terms. We propose the Language Graph Model (LGM) to enhance conceptual clarity by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-06 Wenchang Lei , Ping Zou , Yue Wang , Feng Sun , Lei Zhao