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The rapid development of artificial intelligence systems has amplified societal concerns regarding their usage, necessitating regulatory frameworks that encompass data privacy. Federated Learning (FL) is posed as potential solution to data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-28 Mario García-Márquez , Nuria Rodríguez-Barroso , M. Victoria Luzón , Francisco Herrera

Federated learning (FL) is a machine learning paradigm that enables multiple data holders to collaboratively train a machine learning model without sharing their training data with external parties. In this paradigm, workers locally update…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-08 Johan Erbani , Sonia Ben Mokhtar , Pierre-Edouard Portier , Elod Egyed-Zsigmond , Diana Nurbakova

Gradient-based training in federated learning is known to be vulnerable to faulty/malicious clients, which are often modeled as Byzantine clients. To this end, previous work either makes use of auxiliary data at parameter server to verify…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-02 Jian Xu , Shao-Lun Huang , Linqi Song , Tian Lan

Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple distributed clients (e.g., mobile devices) to collaboratively train a centralized model while keeping the training data locally on the client. Compared to traditional centralized machine learning, FL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-09-29 Zhuohang Li , Luyang Liu , Jiaxin Zhang , Jian Liu

Federated reinforcement learning (FRL) allows agents to jointly learn a global decision-making policy under the guidance of a central server. While FRL has advantages, its decentralized design makes it prone to poisoning attacks. To…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-02-13 Minghong Fang , Xilong Wang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong

Distributed Federated Learning (DFL) enables decentralized model training across large-scale systems without a central parameter server. However, DFL faces three critical challenges: privacy leakage from honest-but-curious neighbors, slow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-24 Nuocheng Yang , Sihua Wang , Zhaohui Yang , Mingzhe Chen , Changchuan Yin , Kaibin Huang

Federated Learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train models without sharing raw data, but it is highly vulnerable to Byzantine attacks. Existing robust approaches can neutralize these threats but incur substantial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Shiyuan Zuo , Jiashuo Li , Rongfei Fan , Han Hu , Jie Xu

Over-the-air computation (AirComp) has emerged as an essential approach for enabling communication-efficient federated learning (FL) over wireless networks. Nonetheless, the inherent analog transmission mechanism in AirComp-based FL (AirFL)…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2025-03-25 Jiacheng Yao , Wei Shi , Wei Xu , Zhaohui Yang , A. Lee Swindlehurst , Dusit Niyato

Ensuring resilience to Byzantine clients while maintaining the privacy of the clients' data is a fundamental challenge in federated learning (FL). When the clients' data is homogeneous, suitable countermeasures were studied from an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Maximilian Egger , Rawad Bitar

Federated learning (FL) is a promising privacy-preserving distributed machine learning methodology that allows multiple clients (i.e., workers) to collaboratively train statistical models without disclosing private training data. Due to the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-19 Bo Zhao , Peng Sun , Liming Fang , Tao Wang , Keyu Jiang

Federated learning (FL) enables multiple clients to collaboratively train machine learning models without revealing their private training data. In conventional FL, the system follows the server-assisted architecture (server-assisted FL),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Minghong Fang , Zifan Zhang , Hairi , Prashant Khanduri , Jia Liu , Songtao Lu , Yuchen Liu , Neil Gong

Federated Learning (FL) has become a powerful technique for training Machine Learning (ML) models in a decentralized manner, preserving the privacy of the training datasets involved. However, the decentralized nature of FL limits the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Enrique Mármol Campos , Aurora González Vidal , José Luis Hernández Ramos , Antonio Skarmeta

Federated learning (FL) allows multiple clients to collaboratively train a global machine learning model through a server, without exchanging their private training data. However, the decentralized aspect of FL makes it susceptible to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-01-30 Minghong Fang , Seyedsina Nabavirazavi , Zhuqing Liu , Wei Sun , Sundararaja Sitharama Iyengar , Haibo Yang

Federated Learning (FL) is notorious for its vulnerability to Byzantine attacks. Most current Byzantine defenses share a common inductive bias: among all the gradients, the densely distributed ones are more likely to be honest. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-17 Yuchen Liu , Chen Chen , Lingjuan Lyu , Yaochu Jin , Gang Chen

Byzantine-robust federated learning aims at mitigating Byzantine failures during the federated training process, where malicious participants may upload arbitrary local updates to the central server to degrade the performance of the global…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-15 Shenghui Li , Edith C. -H. Ngai , Thiemo Voigt

With the increasing importance of machine learning, the privacy and security of training data have become critical. Federated learning, which stores data in distributed nodes and shares only model parameters, has gained significant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-07-10 Yang Li , Chunhe Xia , Chang Li , Tianbo Wang

Smart meter measurements, though critical for accurate demand forecasting, face several drawbacks including consumers' privacy, data breach issues, to name a few. Recent literature has explored Federated Learning (FL) as a promising…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-03-29 Muhammad Akbar Husnoo , Adnan Anwar , Nasser Hosseinzadeh , Shama Naz Islam , Abdun Naser Mahmood , Robin Doss

Most existing Byzantine-robust federated learning (FL) methods suffer from slow and unstable convergence. Moreover, when handling a substantial proportion of colluded malicious clients, achieving robustness typically entails compromising…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-17 He Yang , Dongyi Lv , Wei Xi , Song Ma , Hanlin Gu , Jizhong Zhao

Existing Byzantine robust aggregation mechanisms typically rely on fulldimensional gradi ent comparisons or pairwise distance computations, resulting in computational overhead that limits applicability in large scale and resource…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Ali Mahdavi , Santa Aghapour , Azadeh Zamanifar , Amirfarhad Farhadi

Recent attacks on critical infrastructure, including the 2021 Oldsmar water treatment breach and 2023 Danish energy sector compromises, highlight urgent security gaps in Industrial IoT (IIoT) deployments. While Federated Learning (FL)…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Samaresh Kumar Singh , Joyjit Roy , Martin So