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The field of AI-generated text detection has evolved from supervised classification to zero-shot statistical analysis. However, current approaches share a fundamental limitation: they aggregate token-level measurements into scalar scores,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Alva West , Yixuan Weng , Minjun Zhu , Luodan Zhang , Zhen Lin , Guangsheng Bao , Yue Zhang

In recent years, text generation tools utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) have occasionally been misused across various domains, such as generating student reports or creative writings. This issue prompts plagiarism detection services…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-14 Ahmed K. Kadhim , Lei Jiao , Rishad Shafik , Ole-Christoffer Granmo

We present a novel evaluation paradigm for AI text detectors that prioritizes real-world and equitable assessment. Current approaches predominantly report conventional metrics like AUROC, overlooking that even modest false positive rates…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-22 Navid Ayoobi , Sadat Shahriar , Arjun Mukherjee

The increasing capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have raised concerns about their misuse in AI-generated plagiarism and social engineering. While various AI-generated text detectors have been proposed to mitigate these risks,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Yize Cheng , Vinu Sankar Sadasivan , Mehrdad Saberi , Shoumik Saha , Soheil Feizi

Large language models (LLMs) have shown the ability to produce fluent and cogent content, presenting both productivity opportunities and societal risks. To build trustworthy AI systems, it is imperative to distinguish between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-12-17 Guangsheng Bao , Yanbin Zhao , Zhiyang Teng , Linyi Yang , Yue Zhang

Detecting text generated by large language models (LLMs) is of great recent interest. With zero-shot methods like DetectGPT, detection capabilities have reached impressive levels. However, the reliability of existing detectors in real-world…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Junchao Wu , Runzhe Zhan , Derek F. Wong , Shu Yang , Xinyi Yang , Yulin Yuan , Lidia S. Chao

To combat the potential misuse of Natural Language Generation (NLG) technology, a variety of algorithms have been developed for the detection of AI-generated texts. Traditionally, this task is treated as a binary classification problem.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-12-22 Yi-Fan Zhang , Zhang Zhang , Liang Wang , Tieniu Tan , Rong Jin

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) and the intensifying popularity of ChatGPT-like applications have blurred the boundary of high-quality text generation between humans and machines. However, in addition to the anticipated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-25 Xiaomeng Hu , Pin-Yu Chen , Tsung-Yi Ho

Detecting content generated by large language models (LLMs) is crucial for preventing misuse and building trustworthy AI systems. Although existing detection methods perform well, their robustness in out-of-distribution (OOD) scenarios is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Xin Chen , Junchao Wu , Shu Yang , Runzhe Zhan , Zeyu Wu , Ziyang Luo , Di Wang , Min Yang , Lidia S. Chao , Derek F. Wong

The rapid advancement of Large Language Models (LLMs) has ushered in an era where AI-generated text is increasingly indistinguishable from human-generated content. Detecting AI-generated text has become imperative to combat misinformation,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Ye Zhang , Qian Leng , Mengran Zhu , Rui Ding , Yue Wu , Jintong Song , Yulu Gong

Existing methods for the zero-shot detection of machine-generated text are dominated by three statistical quantities: log-likelihood, log-rank, and entropy. As language models mimic the distribution of human text ever closer, this will…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-27 Tom Kempton , Stuart Burrell , Connor Cheverall

Large language models (LLMs) present significant risks when used to generate non-factual content and spread disinformation at scale. Detecting such LLM-generated content is crucial, yet current detectors often struggle to generalize in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Ran Li , Wei Hao , Weiliang Zhao , Junfeng Yang , Chengzhi Mao

With the recent proliferation of Large Language Models (LLMs), there has been an increasing demand for tools to detect machine-generated text. The effective detection of machine-generated text face two pertinent problems: First, they are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Mazal Bethany , Brandon Wherry , Emet Bethany , Nishant Vishwamitra , Anthony Rios , Peyman Najafirad

With the rapid progress of large language models (LLMs) and the huge amount of text they generated, it becomes more and more impractical to manually distinguish whether a text is machine-generated. Given the growing use of LLMs in social…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-12 Jinyan Su , Terry Yue Zhuo , Di Wang , Preslav Nakov

The rapid advancement of large language models (LLMs) has resulted in increasingly sophisticated AI-generated content, posing significant challenges in distinguishing LLM-generated text from human-written language. Existing detection…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Siyuan Li , Xi Lin , Guangyan Li , Zehao Liu , Aodu Wulianghai , Li Ding , Jun Wu , Jianhua Li

With the development of large language models (LLMs), detecting whether text is generated by a machine becomes increasingly challenging in the face of malicious use cases like the spread of false information, protection of intellectual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-03 Ying Zhou , Ben He , Le Sun

The wide usage of LLMs raises critical requirements on detecting AI participation in texts. Existing studies investigate these detections in scattered contexts, leaving a systematic and unified approach unexplored. In this paper, we present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-03-04 Guangsheng Bao , Lihua Rong , Yanbin Zhao , Qiji Zhou , Yue Zhang

Student's $t$ statistic is finding applications today that were never envisaged when it was introduced more than a century ago. Many of these applications rely on properties, for example robustness against heavy tailed sampling…

Methodology · Statistics 2010-01-25 Aurore Delaigle , Peter Hall , Jiashun Jin

Although pre-trained language models (PrLMs) have achieved significant success, recent studies demonstrate that PrLMs are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. By generating adversarial examples with slight perturbations on different levels…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-23 Jiayi Wang , Rongzhou Bao , Zhuosheng Zhang , Hai Zhao

Adversarial robustness is a critical challenge in deploying deep neural networks for real-world applications. While adversarial training is a widely recognized defense strategy, most existing studies focus on balanced datasets, overlooking…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-24 Wang YuHang , Junkang Guo , Aolei Liu , Kaihao Wang , Zaitong Wu , Zhenyu Liu , Wenfei Yin , Jian Liu
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