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Related papers: A Verifier Hierarchy

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Most state-of-the-art satisfiability algorithms today are variants of the DPLL procedure augmented with clause learning. The main bottleneck for such algorithms, other than the obvious one of time, is the amount of memory used. In the field…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2009-09-29 Jakob Nordström , Johan Håstad

Satisfiability Modulo Theory (SMT) solvers and equality saturation engines must generate proof certificates from e-graph-based congruence closure procedures to enable verification and conflict clause generation. Smaller proof certificates…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2022-09-09 Oliver Flatt , Samuel Coward , Max Willsey , Zachary Tatlock , Pavel Panchekha

Probabilistic pushdown automata (pPDA) are a natural operational model for a variety of recursive discrete stochastic processes. In this paper, we study certificates - succinct and easily verifiable proofs - for upper and lower bounds on…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2023-04-25 Tobias Winkler , Joost-Pieter Katoen

Automated fact verification plays an essential role in fostering trust in the digital space. Despite the growing interest, the verification of temporal facts has not received much attention in the community. Temporal fact verification…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Anab Maulana Barik , Wynne Hsu , Mong Li Lee

Motivated by applications such as voluntary carbon markets and educational testing, we consider a market for goods with varying but hidden levels of quality in the presence of a third-party certifier. The certifier can provide informative…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Andreas A. Haupt , Nicole Immorlica , Brendan Lucier

Proof-carrying-code was proposed as a solution to ensure a trust relationship between two parties: a (heavyweight) analyzer and a (lightweight) checker. The analyzer verifies the conformance of a given application to a specified property…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-08-06 Mohamed Nassim Seghir

We present an efficient algorithm for checking language equivalence of states in top-down deterministic finite tree automata (DFTAs). Unlike string automata, tree automata operate over hierarchical structures, posing unique challenges for…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2025-04-08 Zhibo Deng , Vladimir A. Zakharov

Techniques for runtime verification often utilise specification languages that are (i) reasonably expressive, and (ii) relatively abstract (i.e. they operate on a level of abstraction that separates them from the system being monitored).…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2018-06-11 Joshua Heneage Dawes , Giles Reger

First-order optimization methods have attracted a lot of attention due to their practical success in many applications, including in machine learning. Obtaining convergence guarantees and worst-case performance certificates for first-order…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-04 Baptiste Goujaud , Aymeric Dieuleveut , Adrien Taylor

As machine learning systems are increasingly used to make real world legal and financial decisions, it is of paramount importance that we develop algorithms to verify that these systems do not discriminate against minorities. We design a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-01-01 Osbert Bastani , Xin Zhang , Armando Solar-Lezama

We provide an overview of CPF, the certification problem format, and explain some design decisions. Whereas CPF was originally invented to combine three different formats for termination proofs into a single one, in the meanwhile proofs for…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-10-31 Christian Sternagel , René Thiemann

We propose a categorical framework for linear-time temporal verification of effectful higher-order programs, including probabilistic higher-order programs. Our framework provides a generic denotational reduction -- namely, a denotational…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-20 Kazuki Watanabe , Mayuko Kori , Taro Sekiyama , Satoshi Kura , Hiroshi Unno

As large language models become increasingly capable, it is critical that their outputs can be easily checked by less capable systems. Prover-verifier games can be used to improve checkability of model outputs, but display a degradation in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-27 Yegon Kim , Juho Lee

Writing documentation about software internals is rarely considered a rewarding activity. It is highly time-consuming and the resulting documentation is fragile when the software is continuously evolving in a multi-developer setting.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2013-11-13 Tobias Kuhn , Alexandre Bergel

In his 1984 Turing Award lecture, Ken Thompson showed that a compiler could be maliciously altered to insert backdoors into programs it compiles and perpetuate this behavior by modifying any compiler it subsequently builds. Thompson's hack…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-19 Guilherme de Oliveira Silva , Fernando Magno Quintão Pereira

We study the problem of learning classifiers with a fairness constraint, with three main contributions towards the goal of quantifying the problem's inherent tradeoffs. First, we relate two existing fairness measures to cost-sensitive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-26 Aditya Krishna Menon , Robert C. Williamson

Randomized smoothing is the dominant standard for provable defenses against adversarial examples. Nevertheless, this method has recently been proven to suffer from important information theoretic limitations. In this paper, we argue that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-06 Raphael Ettedgui , Alexandre Araujo , Rafael Pinot , Yann Chevaleyre , Jamal Atif

We describe a method for proving non-looping non-termination, that is, of term rewriting systems that do not admit looping reductions. As certificates of non-termination, we employ regular (tree) automata.

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-05-23 Jörg Endrullis , Hans Zantema

The rule labeling heuristic aims to establish confluence of (left-)linear term rewrite systems via decreasing diagrams. We present a formalization of a confluence criterion based on the interplay of relative termination and the rule…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2020-05-13 Julian Nagele , Bertram Felgenhauer , Harald Zankl

This dissertation discusses several problems loosely related, because they all involve a verification condition generator. The Boogie language is introduced; the architecture of a verification-generator is described. Then come more…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2012-05-01 Radu Grigore