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Electroencephalography (EEG) source imaging aims to reconstruct the spatial distribution of neural activity within the brain from non-invasive scalp measurements. This inverse problem is severely ill-posed due to the low spatial resolution…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-04-08 Joonas Lahtinen , Alexandra Koulouri

Kalman filtering has proven to be effective for estimating brain activity using EEG recordings. In particular, the introduced post hoc standardization step of the algorithm, inspired by the sLORETA time-invariant method, reduces the depth…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-11-17 Veikka Piispa , Dilshanie Prasikala , Joonas Lahtinen , Alexandra Koulouri , Sampsa Pursiainen

This article focuses on the measurement and evolution modeling of Standardized Kalman filtering for brain activity estimation using non-invasive electroencephalography data. Here, we propose new parameter tuning and a model that uses the…

Applications · Statistics 2025-12-23 Joonas Lahtinen

EEG source localization is an important technical issue in EEG analysis. Despite many numerical methods existed for EEG source localization, they all rely on strong priors and the deep sources are intractable. Here we propose a deep…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Chen Wei , Kexin Lou , Zhengyang Wang , Mingqi Zhao , Dante Mantini , Quanying Liu

Purpose: Localizing the sources of electrical activity from electroencephalographic (EEG) data has gained considerable attention over the last few years. In this paper, we propose an innovative source localization method for EEG, based on…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2015-01-21 Sajib Saha , Frank de Hoog , Ya. I. Nesterets , Rajib Rana , M. Tahtali , T. E. Gureyev

This report introduces a new hierarchical Bayesian model for the EEG source localization problem. This model promotes structured sparsity to search for focal brain activity. This sparsity is obtained via a multivariate Bernoulli Laplacian…

Methodology · Statistics 2015-09-16 Facundo Costa , Hadj Batatia , Thomas Oberlin , Jean-Yves Tourneret

We study source localization from high dimensional M/EEG data by extending a multiscale method based on Entropic inference devised to increase the spatial resolution of inverse problems. This method is used to construct informative prior…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2015-02-13 Leonardo S. Barbosa , Nestor Caticha

The electroencephalography (EEG) source imaging problem is very sensitive to the electrical modelling of the skull of the patient under examination. Unfortunately, the currently available EEG devices and their embedded software do not take…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-04 Alexandra Koulouri , Ville Rimpilainen

In this study, we address the challenges associated with accurately determining gaze location on a screen, which is often compromised by noise from factors such as eye tracker limitations, calibration drift, ambient lighting changes, and…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-04-21 Thoa Thieu , Roderick Melnik

Electroencephalography (EEG) and Magnetoencephalography (MEG) are pivotal in understanding brain activity but are limited by their poor spatial resolution. EEG/MEG source imaging (ESI) infers the high-resolution electric field distribution…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-02-01 Song Wang , Chen Wei , Kexin Lou , Dongfeng Gu , Quanying Liu

In electroencephalography (EEG) source imaging, the inverse source estimates are depth biased in such a way that their maxima are often close to the sensors. This depth bias can be quantified by inspecting the statistics (mean and…

Medical Physics · Physics 2025-07-04 Alexandra Koulouri , Ville Rimpiläinen , Mike Brookes , Jari P Kaipio

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) localization refers to the problem of determining the position of each of the agents in a WSN using noisy measurement information. In many cases, such as in distance and bearing-based localization, the…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-06 Shiraz Khan , Inseok Hwang , James Goppert

Knowing the correct skull conductivity is crucial for the accuracy of EEG source imaging, but unfortunately, its true value, which is inter- and intra-individually varying, is difficult to determine. In this paper, we propose a statistical…

Medical Physics · Physics 2020-09-07 Ville Rimpiläinen , Alexandra Koulouri , Felix Lucka , Jari P Kaipio , Carsten H Wolters

Source localization using EEG is important in diagnosing various physiological and psychiatric diseases related to the brain. The high temporal resolution of EEG helps medical professionals assess the internal physiology of the brain in a…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-28 Teja Mannepalli , Aurobinda Routray

We localize the sources of brain activity of children with epilepsy based on EEG recordings acquired during a visual discrimination working memory task. For the numerical solution of the inverse problem, with the aid of age-specific MRI…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-03-16 Evangelos Galaris , Ioannis Gallos , Ivan Myatchin , Lieven Lagae , Constantinos Siettos

Extended Kalman Filter (EKF) has been a popular approach to localization a mobile robot. However, the performance of the EKF and the quality of the estimation depends on the correct a priori knowledge of process and measurement noise…

Other Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-04-20 Ramazan Havangi , Mohammad Ali Nekoui , Mohammad Teshnehlab

Normalization is a critical yet often overlooked component in the preprocessing pipeline for EEG deep learning applications. The rise of large-scale pretraining paradigms such as self-supervised learning (SSL) introduces a new set of tasks…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-01 Dung Truong , Arnaud Delorme

Localizing the sources of electrical activity in the brain from Electroencephalographic (EEG) data is an important tool for non-invasive study of brain dynamics. Generally, the source localization process involves a high-dimensional inverse…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2014-06-11 S. Saha , Ya. I. Nesterets , Rajib Rana , M. Tahtali , Frank de Hoog , T. E. Gureyev

Inverse problems can be described as limited-data problems in which the signal of interest cannot be observed directly. A physics-based forward model that relates the signal with the observations is typically needed. Unfortunately, unknown…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-07-08 Alexandra Koulouri , Ville Rimpilainen

Non-invasive electrophysiology lacks methods that accurately reconstruct whole-brain spatiotemporal dynamics while incorporating individual cortical geometry, leaving current electroencephalography and magnetoencephalography source imaging…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2026-04-29 Song Wang , Kexin Lou , Chen Wei , Zhiyuan Sheng , Jiahao Tang , Kaining Peng , Xinke Shen , Shuhao Mei , Liang Chen , Dongfeng Gu , Quanying Liu
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