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Recent advances in Large Language Model (LLM) based Generative AI techniques have made it feasible to translate enterprise-level code from legacy languages such as COBOL to modern languages such as Java or Python. While the results of…

Recent advances in Large Language Model (LLM) based Generative AI techniques have made it feasible to translate enterpriselevel code from legacy languages such as COBOL to modern languages such as Java or Python. While the results of…

This study investigates AI-driven modernization of legacy COBOL code into Java, addressing a critical challenge in aging software systems. Leveraging the Legacy COBOL 2024 Corpus -- 50,000 COBOL files from public and enterprise sources --…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Gopichand Bandarupalli

COBOL remains a critical language for mainframe systems, yet existing large language models (LLMs) struggle to generate and translate COBOL code correctly. This paper reports our experience in developing and evaluating domain-adapted LLMs…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-04-07 Anh T. V. Dau , Shin Hwei Tan , Jinqiu Yang , Nghi D. Q. Bui , Anh Tuan Nguyen

Automatically evaluate the correctness of programming assignments is rather straightforward using unit and integration tests. However, programming tasks can be solved in multiple ways, many of which, although correct, are inelegant. For…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-09-19 Mosleh Mahamud , Isak Samsten

Systems incorporating large language models (LLMs) as a component are known to be sensitive (i.e., non-robust) to minor input variations that do not change the meaning of the input; such sensitivity may reduce the system's usefulness. Here,…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2026-01-19 Samuel Ackerman , Wesam Ibraheem , Orna Raz , Marcel Zalmanovici

The automated translation of C code to Java code is a notoriously difficult task, fraught with challenges stemming from fundamental paradigm shifts (procedural vs. Object Oriented), memory models (manual pointers vs. Garbage Collection),…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-12-15 Aryan Gupta , Y. Raghu Reddy

Recent advancements in large language models (LLMs) have showcased impressive code generation capabilities, primarily evaluated through language-to-code benchmarks. However, these benchmarks may not fully capture a model's code…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-16 Yuwei Zhao , Ziyang Luo , Yuchen Tian , Hongzhan Lin , Weixiang Yan , Annan Li , Jing Ma

State of the art analyzers in the Logic Programming (LP) paradigm are nowadays mature and sophisticated. They allow inferring a wide variety of global properties including termination, bounds on resource consumption, etc. The aim of this…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2010-11-22 Elvira Albert , Miguel Gómez-Zamalloa , Laurent Hubert , German Puebla

Application modernization in legacy languages such as COBOL, PL/I, and REXX faces an acute shortage of resources, both in expert availability and in high-quality human evaluation data. While Large Language Models as a Judge (LaaJ) offer a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-11-03 Ora Nova Fandina , Gal Amram , Eitan Farchi , Shmulik Froimovich , Raviv Gal , Wesam Ibraheem , Rami Katan , Alice Podolsky , Orna Raz

This paper introduces CodeQUEST, a novel framework leveraging Large Language Models (LLMs) to iteratively evaluate and enhance code quality across multiple dimensions, including readability, maintainability, efficiency, and security. The…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-02-12 Rundong Liu , Andre Frade , Amal Vaidya , Maxime Labonne , Marcus Kaiser , Bismayan Chakrabarti , Jonathan Budd , Sean Moran

Code review, which aims at ensuring the overall quality and reliability of software, is a cornerstone of software development. Unfortunately, while crucial, Code review is a labor-intensive process that the research community is looking to…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Xunzhu Tang , Kisub Kim , Yewei Song , Cedric Lothritz , Bei Li , Saad Ezzini , Haoye Tian , Jacques Klein , Tegawende F. Bissyande

In this paper, we present an LLM-based code translation method and an associated tool called CoTran, that translates whole-programs from one high-level programming language to another. Existing LLM-based code translation methods lack…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-10-31 Prithwish Jana , Piyush Jha , Haoyang Ju , Gautham Kishore , Aryan Mahajan , Vijay Ganesh

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as evaluators in natural language processing tasks, a paradigm known as LLM-as-a-Judge (LaaJ). The analysis of a LaaJ software, commonly refereed to as meta-evaluation, pose significant…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-26 Samuel Ackerman , Gal Amram , Ora Nova Fandina , Eitan Farchi , Shmulik Froimovich , Raviv Gal , Wesam Ibraheem , Avi Ziv

In recent years, the application of large language models (LLMs) to code-related tasks has gained significant attention. However, existing evaluation benchmarks often focus on limited scenarios, such as code generation or completion, which…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-09-17 Jia Feng , Jiachen Liu , Cuiyun Gao , Chun Yong Chong , Chaozheng Wang , Shan Gao , Xin Xia

Code security and usability are both essential for various coding assistant applications driven by large language models (LLMs). Current code security benchmarks focus solely on single evaluation task and paradigm, such as code completion…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-16 Yutao Mou , Xiao Deng , Yuxiao Luo , Shikun Zhang , Wei Ye

The growing scale of large language models (LLMs) not only demands extensive computational resources but also raises environmental concerns due to their increasing carbon footprint. Model quantization emerges as an effective approach that…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-15 Saima Afrin , Bowen Xu , Antonio Mastropaolo

This paper is an experience report on migrating an American newspaper company's business-critical IBM mainframe application to Linux servers by automatically translating the application's source code from COBOL to Java and converting the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2018-10-30 Alessandro De Marco , Valentin Iancu , Ira Asinofsky

Code review is one of the key processes in the software development lifecycle and is essential to maintain code quality. However, manual code review is subjective and time consuming. Given its rule-based nature, code review is well suited…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-07-25 Busra Icoz , Goksel Biricik

The rapid rise of Large Language Models (LLMs) has changed software development, with tools like Copilot, JetBrains AI Assistant, and others boosting developers' productivity. However, developers now spend more time reviewing code than…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Agnia Sergeyuk , Olga Lvova , Sergey Titov , Anastasiia Serova , Farid Bagirov , Timofey Bryksin
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