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Mode-pairing quantum key distribution (MP-QKD) offers significant potential for long-distance secure communication, benefiting from its quadratic scaling capacity and phase compensation-free characteristic. However, MP-QKD still requires…

Constrained devices, such as smart sensors, wearable devices, and Internet of Things nodes, are increasingly prevalent in society and rely on secure communications to function properly. These devices often operate autonomously, exchanging…

Quantum key distribution provides secure keys resistant to code-breaking quantum computers. The continuous-variable version of quantum key distribution offers the advantages of higher secret key rates in metropolitan areas, as well as the…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) represents a cornerstone of secure communication in the quantum era. While discrete-variable QKD (DV-QKD) protocols were historically the first to demonstrate secure key exchange, continuous-variable QKD…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-06-30 Mobin Motaharifar , Mahmood Hasani , Hassan Kaatuzian

In recent years, discrete-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution (DM-CV-QKD) has gained traction due to its practical advantages: cost-effectiveness, simple state preparation, and compatibility with existing communication…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2024-10-22 Ignatius William Primaatmaja , Wen Yu Kon , Charles Lim

In this paper, we consider continuous-variable quantum key distribution with a discrete modulation, either binary or quaternary. We establish the security of these protocols against the class of collective attacks that induce a linear…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2015-03-13 Anthony Leverrier , Philippe Grangier

We propose a high-rate scheme for discretely-modulated continuous-variable quantum key distribution (DM CVQKD) using quantum machine learning technologies, which divides the whole CVQKD system into three parts, i.e., the initialization part…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2023-08-08 Qin Liao , Jieyu Liu , Anqi Huang , Lei Huang , Zhuoying Fei , Xiquan Fu

A coherent transmission methodology for a continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) system based on quantum-heterodyne measurement through a coherent intradyne receiver is experimentally demonstrated in the framework of 5G…

We present a 625 MHz clocked coherent one-way quantum key distribution (QKD) system which continuously distributes secret keys over an optical fibre link. To support high secret key rates, we implemented a fast hardware key distillation…

Quantum key distribution (QKD offers a long-term solution to establish information-theoretically secure keys between two distant users. In practice, with a careful characterization of quantum sources and the decoy-state method,…

To achieve the maximum information transfer and face a possible eavesdropper, the samples transmitted in continuous-variable quantum key distribution (CV-QKD) protocols are to be drawn from a continuous Gaussian distribution. As a matter of…

Quantum key distribution (QKD) allows two users to exchange a provably secure key for cryptographic applications. In prepare-and-measure QKD protocols, the states must be indistinguishable to prevent information leakage to an eavesdropper…

The fully passive source is capable of passively generating decoy states and performing passive encoding simultaneously, avoiding the side-channel risks caused by active modulation operations at the source end, thus effectively enhance the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2025-02-19 Jia-Wei Ying , Qi Zhang , Shi-Pu Gu , Xing-Fu Wang , Lan Zhou , Yu-Bo Sheng

We present a continuous variable (CV) quantum key distribution (QKD) scheme based on the CV quantum teleportation of coherent states that yields a raw secret key made up of discrete variables for both Alice and Bob. This protocol preserves…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2017-01-31 F. S. Luiz , Gustavo Rigolin

Quantum key distribution (QKD) can provide fundamentally proven security for secure communication. Toward application, the secret key rate (SKR) is a key figure of merit for any QKD system. So far, the SKR has been limited to about a few…

The continuous-variable measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (CV-MDI-QKD) is a promising candidate for the immunity to side-channel attacks, but unfortunately seems to face the limitation of transmission distance in…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-07-18 Wei Ye , Hai Zhong , Xiaodong Wu , Liyun Hu , Ying Guo

There exist several initiatives worldwide to deploy quantum key distribution (QKD) over existing fibre networks and achieve quantum-safe security at large scales. To understand the overall QKD network performance, it is required to…

Measurement-device-independent quantum key distribution (MDI-QKD) is a technique for quantum-secured communication that eliminates all detector side-channels, although is currently limited by implementation complexity and low secure key…

We investigate the main limitations which prevent the continuous-variable quantum key distribution protocols from achieving long distances in the finite-size setting. We propose a double-modulation protocol which allows using each state for…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2014-12-22 László Ruppert , Vladyslav C. Usenko , Radim Filip

We demonstrate a proof-of-concept establishment of quantum-secure data transfer links in field trials at two locations in Denmark: on the campus of Technical University of Denmark in Lyngby and between power grid nodes owned and operated by…