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This paper investigates the challenges of developing large language models (LLMs) proficient in both multilingual understanding and medical knowledge. We demonstrate that simply translating medical data does not guarantee strong performance…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Nada Saadi , Tathagata Raha , Clément Christophe , Marco AF Pimentel , Ronnie Rajan , Praveen K Kanithi

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance in linguistic capabilities, robust multilingual evaluation has become essential for promoting equitable technological progress. This position paper examines over 2,000 multilingual…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-23 Minghao Wu , Weixuan Wang , Sinuo Liu , Huifeng Yin , Xintong Wang , Yu Zhao , Chenyang Lyu , Longyue Wang , Weihua Luo , Kaifu Zhang

Despite the major advances in NLP, significant disparities in NLP system performance across languages still exist. Arguably, these are due to uneven resource allocation and sub-optimal incentives to work on less resourced languages. To…

The performance of NLP methods for severely under-resourced languages cannot currently hope to match the state of the art in NLP methods for well resourced languages. We explore the extent to which pretrained large language models (LLMs)…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Michela Lorandi , Anya Belz

Although large language models (LLMs) have demonstrated their strong intelligence ability, the high demand for computation and storage hinders their practical application. To this end, many model compression techniques are proposed to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-01 Ge Yang , Changyi He , Jinyang Guo , Jianyu Wu , Yifu Ding , Aishan Liu , Haotong Qin , Pengliang Ji , Xianglong Liu

As large language models (LLMs) continue to advance, the need for up-to-date and well-organized benchmarks becomes increasingly critical. However, many existing datasets are scattered, difficult to manage, and make it challenging to perform…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Eunsu Kim , Haneul Yoo , Guijin Son , Hitesh Patel , Amit Agarwal , Alice Oh

India's linguistic landscape, spanning 22 scheduled languages and hundreds of marginalized dialects, has driven rapid growth in NLP datasets, benchmarks, and pretrained models. However, no dedicated survey consolidates resources developed…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-21 Raghvendra Kumar , Devankar Raj , Sriparna Saha

In this work, we provide a systematic and comprehensive empirical comparison of pretrained multilingual language models versus their monolingual counterparts with regard to their monolingual task performance. We study a set of nine…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Phillip Rust , Jonas Pfeiffer , Ivan Vulić , Sebastian Ruder , Iryna Gurevych

Large Language Models (LLMs) have garnered significant attention due to their remarkable ability to process information across various languages. Despite their capabilities, they exhibit inconsistencies in handling identical queries in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-24 Yue Huang , Chenrui Fan , Yuan Li , Siyuan Wu , Tianyi Zhou , Xiangliang Zhang , Lichao Sun

In the context of pretraining of Large Language Models (LLMs), synthetic data has emerged as an alternative for generating high-quality pretraining data at scale. This is particularly beneficial in low-resource language settings where the…

The performance of large language models (LLMs) on existing reasoning benchmarks has significantly improved over the past years. In response, we present JEEBench, a considerably more challenging benchmark dataset for evaluating the problem…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Daman Arora , Himanshu Gaurav Singh , Mausam

Bengali is the seventh most spoken language on earth, yet considered a low-resource language in the field of natural language processing (NLP). Question answering over unstructured text is a challenging NLP task as it requires understanding…

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly used as automated annotators to scale dataset creation, yet their reliability as unbiased annotators--especially for low-resource and identity-sensitive settings--remains poorly understood. In…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Md. Najib Hasan , Touseef Hasan , Souvika Sarkar

Large Language Models (LLMs) are increasingly being integrated into various medical fields, including mental health support systems. However, there is a gap in research regarding the effectiveness of LLMs in non-English mental health…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Konstantinos Skianis , John Pavlopoulos , A. Seza Doğruöz

As large language models (LLMs) become integral to code-related tasks, a central question emerges: Do LLMs truly understand program semantics? We introduce EquiBench, a new benchmark for evaluating LLMs through equivalence checking, i.e.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-23 Anjiang Wei , Jiannan Cao , Ran Li , Hongyu Chen , Yuhui Zhang , Ziheng Wang , Yuan Liu , Thiago S. F. X. Teixeira , Diyi Yang , Ke Wang , Alex Aiken

Pretrained language models (PLMs) display impressive performances and have captured the attention of the NLP community. Establishing best practices in pretraining has, therefore, become a major focus of NLP research, especially since…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-08 Zihao Li , Shaoxiong Ji , Timothee Mickus , Vincent Segonne , Jörg Tiedemann

LLMs have demonstrated exceptional proficiency in a wide range of NLP tasks. However, a notable gap remains in practical data analysis scenarios, particularly when LLMs are required to process long sequences of unstructured documents, such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Yuefeng Shi , Nedjma Ousidhoum , Jose Camacho-Collados

Automatic Speech Recognition (ASR) for Bengali, the world's fifth most spoken language, remains a significant challenge, critically hindering technological accessibility for its over 270 million speakers. This challenge is compounded by two…

Sound · Computer Science 2025-09-03 Swadhin Biswas , Imran , Tuhin Sheikh

Variation in language is ubiquitous and often systematically linked to regional, social, and contextual factors. Tokenizers split texts into smaller units and might behave differently for less common linguistic forms. This might affect…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-07-08 Anna Wegmann , Dong Nguyen , David Jurgens

While Indic NLP has made rapid advances recently in terms of the availability of corpora and pre-trained models, benchmark datasets on standard NLU tasks are limited. To this end, we introduce IndicXNLI, an NLI dataset for 11 Indic…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-20 Divyanshu Aggarwal , Vivek Gupta , Anoop Kunchukuttan